{"id":12284,"date":"2025-05-06T21:50:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T20:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=12284"},"modified":"2026-03-28T11:07:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T05:37:10","slug":"al-biruni-the-great-pioneer-of-indology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-an-international-multidisciplinary-journal-vol-02-issue-02-apr-jun-2023\/al-biruni-the-great-pioneer-of-indology\/","title":{"rendered":"Al-Biruni: The Great Pioneer of Indology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12284\" class=\"elementor elementor-12284\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa619 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2aa619\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fffbeef\" data-id=\"fffbeef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b8847 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00b8847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5b2c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec5b2c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol.02, Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023) <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6836a6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6836a6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2607ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2607ba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b3ac2b\" data-id=\"1b3ac2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-094388c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"094388c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Al-Biruni: The Great Pioneer of Indology<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7970e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7970e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Javad, S.M.,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Assistant Professor, GDC Budhal (Rajouri) J&amp;K UT<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-208b087 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"208b087\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf14309\" data-id=\"cf14309\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8a766e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8a766e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74d49a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74d49a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Alberuni should be revisited and reread. Both Alberuni himself and his book: &#8216;Tahghigh ma lil Hind&#8217; translated, edited, annotated, and titled in English by Edward Sachau: &#8216;Alberuni&#8217;s India&#8217; in modern and academic sense] are complex, multidisciplinary, abstract and concrete both. What is significantly sorrowful is in fact Alberuni is tried to be absolutely ignored and misjudged as the first and modern mythologist by contemporary mythologists and their colleagues while the subject, terminology, suggestions, hints, and signs in several chapters of his &#8216;India&#8217; hand over, and connected to, myths and mythology. This is what, presumably, university graduate students: undergraduates and postgraduates both must appear to, and go through and see it in depth. The paper, necessarily, is also to exploit and emphasize mythological trends and components of AlBeruni&#8217;s writing. What else this paper would like to do is to explore to what extent the claim or hypothesis of Abu Reihan Alberuni being the mythologist, with his book, does have an approach to mythology of its own. It is also to persuade academics and scholars to investigate why Alberuni should, to such an extent, be ignored as the great pioneer of Indology.<\/span><\/span><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\">Key Words:<\/span>\u00a0Alberuni, IndoPersian, Literature, Knowledge, Myth, Deities, Rig Veda, multidisciplinary, approach<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa67610 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa67610\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fac7661\" data-id=\"fac7661\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34398c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34398c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cite this article<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b28848 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b28848\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">APA 7th Style<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Javad, S. M. (2023). Al-Biruni: The Great Pioneer of Indology.&nbsp;<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 02<\/span>(01), 96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7771706<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">MLA 9th Edition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Javad, Syed Mohmad. \u201cAl-Biruni: The Great Pioneer of Indology.\u201d&nbsp;<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 02<\/span>, no. 01, Jan. 2023, pp. 96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7771706.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Chicago 17th Edition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: rgb(118, 118, 118); margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, &quot;\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af&quot;, &quot;ms pgothic&quot;, \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Javad, Syed Mohmad. \u201cAl-Biruni: The Great Pioneer of Indology.\u201d&nbsp;<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 02<\/span>, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7771706.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fae6318 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fae6318\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d07363a\" data-id=\"d07363a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54137cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54137cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b5f331 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b5f331\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">1) Singh NK, Samiudding A (Eds) Encyclopaedic Historiography of the Muslim World \u2013 (Volume 1) AH. Delhi. Global Vision Publishing House. 1 Edition, 2003.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">2) Abu Raihan Al Biruni. Internet. [Ummah.net] no date [cited 2011 July4] available at http:\/\/www.ummah. net\/history\/scholars\/BIRUNI.html<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">3) Ali SA, Kitab ul Hind by AlBeruni. (Urdu translation). Delhi. Anjuman Traqqi e Urdu. 1 Edition, 1941.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">4) West MF. Arab sources of European notion of China Porcelain Clay. Folklore. 1977; 88(1):64-77.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">5) Ali MA. Evolution of perception of India; Akbar and Abul Fazal. Social Scientist. 1996; 24(1\/3):80-8.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">6) Sen A. History and the enterprise of st knowledge. Social Scientist. 2001; 29 (1\/2):3-15.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">7) Levey M. ALberuni and Indian Alchemy. Chymia. 1961; 7:36-9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">8) Nayar BK. Alberuni and science 3. communication in Sanskrit. Indian Journal of History of Science. 1975. st 9. Robinson F. Islam in South Asia. Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press US. p. 10.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f8fc20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f8fc20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de06371\" data-id=\"de06371\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b350ffa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b350ffa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bac52e6\" data-id=\"bac52e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35baec9 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"35baec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-an-international-multidisciplinary-journal-vol-02-issue-02-apr-jun-2023\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol.02, Issue 01 (Jan-Mar 2023) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376 Al-Biruni: The Great Pioneer of Indology Javad, S.M.,\u00a0 Assistant Professor, GDC Budhal (Rajouri) J&amp;K UT Abstract Alberuni should be revisited and reread. Both Alberuni himself and his book: &#8216;Tahghigh ma lil Hind&#8217; translated, edited, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12237,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12284","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12284"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30370,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12284\/revisions\/30370"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}