{"id":15892,"date":"2025-08-16T07:00:54","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T06:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=15892"},"modified":"2026-03-28T13:36:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T08:06:24","slug":"contemporary-approaches-and-challenges-in-education-an-implication-in-the-use-of-mobile-technologies-in-the-new-normal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/contemporary-approaches-and-challenges-in-education-an-implication-in-the-use-of-mobile-technologies-in-the-new-normal\/","title":{"rendered":"Contemporary Approaches and Challenges in Education: An Implication in the Use of Mobile Technologies in the New normal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15892\" class=\"elementor elementor-15892\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c514814 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c514814\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-084b802\" data-id=\"084b802\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b0163c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b0163c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4634224 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4634224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-02, Issue-02 (Apr-Jun 2023)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b41e792 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b41e792\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a20b61d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a20b61d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a86fe5b\" data-id=\"a86fe5b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7f1644 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7f1644\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contemporary Approaches and Challenges in Education: An Implication in the Use of Mobile Technologies in the New normal<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac8f14e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac8f14e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">Shehu, Suleiman Abdullahi<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">Department of Educational Foundations, Federal University Gusau, Gusau-Zamfara State<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f2dc422 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f2dc422\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e14da7\" data-id=\"7e14da7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4632a99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4632a99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b4d9e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b4d9e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">Globally, COVID-19 pandemic which spread worldwide, affecting many aspects of life, does not excepted the educational industry. Hence, teachers are required to prepare for education necessities, decisions, choices, and adaptations to meet student expectations, teacher education requirements, and as well the conditions under which universities and schools operates. The substantive situation thus raises the importance of technology integration in educational system for effective teaching &amp; learning process. Notably before now educational provisions at all levels have been bedevilled with numerous challenges which demands new approaches especially at this post-covid period. It has been envisaged that, the use of mobile technology in this new-normal will go a long way to reduces inherent challenges and improve on the instructional process for students and this is so because the 21st Century students are digital native. The mode anchored on the generic umbrella of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which is helpful in making the process of teaching &amp; learning more meaningful. It was on this premises that, the paper examined some typologies of mobile technologies devices and their instructional uses, such as: Smart phones, E-book reader, Personal Digital Assistance (PDA) among others. Similarly, challenges associated with their uses were identified and they include: Inadequacy of facilities and resources; Swift switch to online learning; Gap in teachers\u2019 skills &amp; competency in handling collaborative learning; Poor infrastructure; Poor internet connectivity etc. The Paper equally identified measures to improve on the uses of mobile technologies for instructional process. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were highlighted and such recommendations made are: Need for adequate funding of education, Provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, provides induction training to improve on skill &amp; competency gap in teachers and ensure good connectivity &amp; provision of the needed internet sources within the school system<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #1a5090;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Contemporary, Challenges, Education, Implication, Mobile Technologies &amp; New normal<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7d0000 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7d0000\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3213946\" data-id=\"3213946\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f60b28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f60b28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cite this article<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b389fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b389fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">APA 7th Style<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Shehu, S. A. (2023). Contemporary Approaches and Challenges in Education: An Implication in the Use of Mobile Technologies in the New normal.\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 02<\/span>(02), 174\u2013205.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"color_18 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #384ad3;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7582<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">MLA 9th Edition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Shehu, Suleiman Abdullahi. \u201cContemporary Approaches and Challenges in Education: An Implication in the Use of Mobile Technologies in the New Normal.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 02<\/span>, no. 02, Apr. 2023, pp. 174\u2013205.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"color_18 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #384ad3;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7582<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">Chicago Style<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Shehu, Suleiman Abdullahi. \u201cContemporary Approaches and Challenges in Education: An Implication in the Use of Mobile Technologies in the New Normal.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 02,<\/span>\u00a0no. 02 (April 19, 2023): 174\u2013205.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 15px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"color_18 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #384ad3;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 17px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7582<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69d70e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69d70e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39db3d4\" data-id=\"39db3d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f2eb45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f2eb45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About The Author<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-217bfcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"217bfcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"font_2 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Dr. SHEHU, Suleiman Abdullahi, was born in Febuary-04-1968, at Filin Tanko-Gusau-Mayana Area of Zamfara State. Attended Ibrahim Gusau Model Primary School from 1976-1982. Then proceeded to Government Science Technical School Gusau between 1982-1987. Later went to Federal College of Education kontagora between 1989-1992 where NCE Certificate was obtained. From 1995-to-1998, He attended Bayero University Kano (BUK), and obtained Bachelor Degree in Education (Bed-Adult Education). Between 2008-to-2015 obtained MEd &amp; PhD in Educational Technology from University of Ilorin-Ilorin-Nigeria. A tenure staff (Senior lecturer) and Deputy Dean Faculty of Education, Department of Education Foundation, Federal University-Gusau-Zamfara State. Currently serving as a Visiting Lecturer at Faculty of Education, Department of Curriculum &amp; Educational Technology, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto State-Nigeria.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b25630 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b25630\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c85efb\" data-id=\"7c85efb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf811d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ddf811d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\nImpact statement<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdb2c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdb2c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"font_2 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">This Article aimed at bringing to limelight and educate the reader that, despite the fact that, the convid-19 pandemic the Great Lockdown which kept roughly 1.7 billion children around the world at home from school, a development which have a more negative consequential effect on the developing country like Nigeria, which already her educational system has been bedeviled resulting from terrorism, kidnapping, cattle rustling and banditry and high level of insecurity in the nation states. But, with the sudden happening of Covid, developed countries quickly shifted to remote classes and tap on virtual tutoring and other digital-learning platform but very sympathetic most of the Nigeria schools have no infrastructure for such switch and engagement with learners while at home and before this incident teaching &amp; learning in the educational system was predominantly carried out by the traditional mode of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and the students. Although, is a known fact to all that most of 21st Century students are digital native and they possess one form or another of mobile technological device an opportunity that can guarantee the use of it for learning by students and the teacher a medium not constraints by time and space, which could bring about learning anywhere and location given the portability and accessibility of it. Hence, the article identified &amp; advocates for its usage for instructional process in this post-covid-period<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16895b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16895b8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae42e12\" data-id=\"ae42e12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e86ed6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e86ed6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c999cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c999cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"color_15 font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; margin-inline: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;\"><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Abdulkadir, I. (1993). The University system at the receiving end of the national socio-political and economic instability: University System News. Vol. 3 No. 4 pp 4 \u2013 5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Abdullahi, A. (1982). A study of factors with interest in science career. Journal of research in curriculum, 6, 69-76.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Abels, E., Liebscher, P., &amp; Denman, D. (1996). Factors that influences electronic networks in science and engineering faculty at small institutions. Part 1 queries. Journal of the American society for information science, 47(2), 146-157.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Abolade, A. O. (2004). Basic Criteria for selecting and using learning and instructional materials. In Abimbola and A. O. Abolade (Ed.),\u00a0 Fundamental principles and practice of instruction (pp. 488-496). Ilorin, Department of Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology University of Ilorin. \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Abolade, A. O. and Yusuf, M. O. (2005). Information communication technology and the Nigerian Teacher Education Programme, African Journal of\u00a0 Education Studies 3(1) 1-19<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Adams, D. A; Nelson, R. R.; Todd, P. A. 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The giant sleeps in the sun\u201d Paper presented at the Workshop on the appraisal of the western education in the northern parts of Nigeria, Kaduna October 15 \u2013 17.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Alexander, B. (2004). Going nomadic: Mobile learning in higher education. EDUCAUSE Review, 47(3), 295 \u2013 308.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ally M. (2004a). Using learning theories to design instruction for mobile learning devices. Paper publisher in the Mobile learning 2004 international conference proceedings. Rome.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ally M. and Lin. 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Humanizing education through technology and engineering Education, 60, 118 \u2013 120.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Asemah, E. 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Selected mass media themes.\u00a0 Jos: University Press pp. 164 \u2013 165.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ask.com. (2006). Ask search technology. Retrieve October 13, 2006, from\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/about.ask.com\/en\/docs\/about\/ask_technology.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/about.ask.com\/en\/docs\/about\/ask_technology.shtml<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Atan, A., Azli, N., Rahman, Z., &amp; Idris, R. (2002). Computer in distance self-perceived computer competence Journal of Educational Media, 27(3), 123-135.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Atan, H., Nazirah A. A., Zuraidah, A. R. &amp; Rozman, M. I. (2002). Computers in distanceeducation: Gender differences in self-perceived computer competencies. Journal of Educational Media, 27(3), 123 \u2013 35.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Arya B.\u00a0 (2022) Challenges in Education Industry (With Solutions)July 28, 2022 \u00a9 2022\u00a0 DataToBizTM All Rights Reserved \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Badru, J. 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An Inquiry into the Uses of Instructional Technology, Enugu: Godspower Printers Ltd.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Bagozzi, R. 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Integrating the ipod touch in K-12 education: Visions and vices, computers in the schools, 27 (2), 121-131.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Bannasch, S. 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Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (WMTE\u201902), IEEE Computer Society Press, 23 \u2013 30. \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\">\u00a0<\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Curtin, R. (2002). Promoting youth employment through information and communication technology (ICT): best practice example in Asia and the Pacific (On-line) Retrieved December 20 2006,\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ybiz.com\/aybizweb\/ResourceCentre\/ICT&amp;youthemploymentRC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.ybiz.com\/aybizweb\/ResourceCentre\/ICT&amp;youthemploymentRC.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Cutshall, R., Changchit, C., &amp; Elwood, S. (2006) \u2018Campus laptops: What logistical and technological factors are perceived critical?\u2019 Educational Technology and Society, 9(3), 112 \u2013 121.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Daichendt, L. 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Strategic Growth Concepts from National and International Mobile Studies.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Dallion, S. (2006). No Test Tube? Debate on virtual science classes. New York Times. Retrieved October 20, 2006 from\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/10\/%2020\/education\/20online.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/10\/ 20\/education\/20online.htm<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Damodharan, V. 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Educational Psychology, 18(3), 327 \u2013 341.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Littlejohn, S. 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Calfornia: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Liu S. 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Dissertation abstracts international, 50(5), 11-61.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ma, W. W., Andersson, R., &amp; Streith, K-O. (2005). Examining user acceptance of computer technology: empirical study of student teachers. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21(6), 387 \u2013 395.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Magill, A. (2008). Mobile technology benefit\/eHow.com\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ehow.com\/about%205779279mobile-technologybenefits.html#ixzz2DbxZXxIY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.ehow.com\/about 5779279mobile-technologybenefits.html#ixzz2DbxZXxIY<\/a><\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">MathGehrett, (2014) investigating the use of mobile technology for classroom instructions: A case of study of two k-1\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/digital.common.georgefox.edu\/edd\/30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/digital.common.georgefox.edu\/edd\/30<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mathieson, K. 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Information Systems Research, 2(3), 173 \u2013 191.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Multimedia and Hyper Media, 10(2), 125 \u2013 40.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mobile Learning (2003). The Mobile Learning Project Vision. Available at\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mobilelearning.org\/vision\/vision.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.mobilelearning.org\/vision\/vision.htm<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mohammad Ally &amp; Augoustos Tsinakos (2014) (c) 2014 by the commonwealth of learning &amp; Athabasca University PERSPECTIVE ON OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: Increasing access through mobile learning is (International):\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licences\/by-sa\/30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licences\/by-sa\/30<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mohd Arid Bin Hj. Ismail. (2004). Pembangunan Dan Pengaggunaan teknik video film (TVF): Satu kajian kes penerapan nilai-nilai murni. 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(1994), &#8220;Software evaluation and choice: predictive evaluation of the Technology Acceptance Instrument&#8221;, MIS Quarterly 18 (3): 319\u2013324,\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi<\/a><\/span>:<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307%2F249621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.2307\/249621<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Torper, T. 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G., Davis, G.B &amp; Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Venkatesh, V.; and Bala, H. (2008), &#8220;Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a Research Agenda on Interventions&#8221;, Decision Sciences 39 (2): 273\u2013315,\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">doi<\/a><\/span>:<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1540-5915.2008.00192.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Venkatesh, V.; Morris, M. 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MIS Quarterly 27 (3): 425\u2013478.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Vishwanath, A., Brodskyb, A., Shaha, S., Leonard, M. &amp; Cimino, M. 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Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Wagner, E. D. (2005). Enabling Mobile Learning. EDU-CAUSE Review, 40(3), 40 \u2013 53. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.edu\/er\/erm05\/erm0532%20.asp?bhp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.edu\/er\/erm05\/erm0532 .asp?bhp=1<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Walsh, K. (2012). Ten Emerging Education and Instructional Technologies that all Educators should know about.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Wang, Q. Y. (2006). Transforming learning with emerging technologies. In S. K. Myint (Ed.). Teaching with Technology: Strategies for Engaging Learners (pp. 281 \u2013 294). 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Shehu, Suleiman Abdullahi Department of Educational Foundations, Federal University Gusau, Gusau-Zamfara State Abstract Globally, COVID-19 pandemic which 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