{"id":15947,"date":"2025-08-16T07:35:57","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T06:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=15947"},"modified":"2026-03-28T13:38:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T08:08:43","slug":"functional-local-government-autonomy-in-nigeria-thesis-for-a-community-participation-model","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/functional-local-government-autonomy-in-nigeria-thesis-for-a-community-participation-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Functional Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Thesis for a Community Participation Model"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"15947\" class=\"elementor elementor-15947\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f462938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f462938\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-caaf424\" data-id=\"caaf424\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb0f662 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb0f662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d59b4ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d59b4ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-02, Issue-02 (Apr-Jun 2023)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a179040 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a179040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea36147 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea36147\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6d9026\" data-id=\"e6d9026\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b795e0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b795e0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Functional Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Thesis for a Community Participation Model<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9289e1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9289e1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">Aderogba, Ademola Asimiyu<\/span><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u00a0, and Arafat Opeyemi Aderogba<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">Senior Lecturer, Department of General Studies, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Nigeria.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">Ph.D. Student, Department of Political Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b46f83c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b46f83c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee4c779\" data-id=\"ee4c779\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-781e564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"781e564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abdd887 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abdd887\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The paper focuses on how local government autonomy can be effective and efficient. Recent research findings indicate that local governments in Nigeria are not productive, not efficient and not effective because of lack of autonomy, be it financial, administrative or political autonomy. Hence, there is a need to examine the deficiencies in the operation of local governments, and come up with a process model that can enhance functional local government autonomy. Therefore, relying on Descriptive Analysis method and Democratic Participation theoretical framework, the study examines how community participation in governance can be an impetus to achieve the objectives of autonomy, and proposes a Community Participation Model, as a way to strengthen an autonomous local government performance, otherwise, full autonomy will achieve nothing with the present state of local governments in Nigeria. The model further illustrates how the Community Development Associations can participate in governance to ensure that the planning, implementation, and evaluation represent the grassroots felt-need. The study recommends the following to actualise the functionality of the model: constitutional reforms to restore local government autonomy, enabling laws mandating the creation of Community Development Associations in all parts of Nigeria; and the States governments granting special fund to strengthen the operation of the Community Development Associations.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0Keywords:\u00a0<\/span>Autonomy, Community Development Association, Community Participation, Local<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ee661d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ee661d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd34803\" data-id=\"cd34803\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd9415 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"edd9415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cite This Article<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f3dec5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f3dec5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">APA 7th Style<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Aderogba, A. A., &amp; Aderogba, A. O. (2023). Functional Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Thesis for a Community Participation Model.\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 02<\/span>(02), 300\u2013318.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"color_18 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #384ad3;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI758<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">8<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">MLA 9th Edition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Aderogba, Ademola Asimiyu, and Arafat Opeyemi Aderogba. \u201cFunctional Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Thesis for a Community Participation Model.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 02,<\/span>\u00a0no. 02, Apr. 2023, pp. 300\u201318.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"color_18 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #384ad3;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7588<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Chicago Style<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Aderogba, Ademola Asimiyu, and Arafat Opeyemi Aderogba. \u201cFunctional Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Thesis for a Community Participation Model.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 02<\/span>, no. 02 (April 20, 2023): 300\u2013318.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\"><span class=\"color_18 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #384ad3;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 15px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 17px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7588<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76d07e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76d07e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0254b24\" data-id=\"0254b24\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7154f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a7154f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u200bAbout The Author<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3e49db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3e49db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"font_8 color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: normal; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #000000; margin-inline: 0.5em 0px; text-align: justify;\"><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; line-height: inherit; margin-inline: 1.3em 0px;\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; letter-spacing: 0em; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\">Dr Ademola Aderogba holds<\/span>\u00a0Ph.D in Public Administration, with research interest in public policy, local government, and rural development. He has authored and co-authored publications in both national and international journals. He is a Senior Lecturer, and presently the Dean of students affairs, at the Lagos state university of science and technology; formerly Lagos state polytechnic where he was a Chief lecturer and the Director of the Center for Entrepreneurship before the transmutation.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 2.\u00a0<span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold;\">Miss Arafat Aderogba<\/span>\u00a0holds Msc in Political science and Bsc in International relations and presently a Ph.D student with\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0research interest in peace building, gender studies, and sustainable development.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-036476b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"036476b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-645b6dd\" data-id=\"645b6dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c8272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2c8272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact Statement<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee72f2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee72f2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: justify;\">Elections into the center or federal offices have become do or die affairs in Nigeria because of the concentration of power at the center. The sub national governments at the local level are weak and near irrelevant, hence, the desperation of the political actors at the center. Thus, the focus on autonomy is to strengthen the sub national governments at the local level in Nigeria. According to the report of UNDP, United Nations (UN) Human Development Index 2021, Nigeria ranked 163rd for the second consecutive year, with HDI score of 0.535. Hence, focus must be on strengthening grassroots development through the local government that is closer to the people. Proposing a model that can address the peculiarities of Nigeria challenges at local level will be impactful.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-824e588 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"824e588\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acd25a0\" data-id=\"acd25a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1485787 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1485787\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a868c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9a868c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">1. Adedire, S.A. (2014). Local Government and the Challenges of Rural Development in Nigeria (1999 to date). IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(4), 21-32.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2. Adelesi, F. (2015). The Role of Community Development Associations in a Democratic Rule. A text delivered at the 2014 Seminar of Ikorodu North Community Development Committee on 27th November, 2014.<a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/role-community-development-associations-democratic-rule-adelesi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-auto-recognition=\"true\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/role-community-development-associations-democratic-rule-adelesi<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3. Ahmad, A. (2013). Local Government Autonomy and its Effectiveness in Nigeria. The Journal of African &amp; Asian Local Government Studies, 2(1): 48-59.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a04. Akinsorotan, A. &amp; Olujide, M. (2006). Community Development Associations\u2019 Contributions in Self Help Projects in Lagos State of Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7(4), 609- 618<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a05. Akpan, F. &amp; Ekanem, O. (2013). The Politics of Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria Reloaded. European Scientific Journal, 9(35), 193-205, ISSN: 1857 \u2013 7881.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 6.\u00a0 Amah, E. I. (2018). Devolution of Power to Local Government: Appraising Local Government Autonomy under Nigerian Federation. Beijing Law Review, 9, 275-293.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 7. Amakihe, B.,Ako, I. &amp;Fasanu, G. (2017). Citizen Participation and Local Government Responsiveness: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and United States of America. International Journal of Progressive and Alternative Education, 4(1): 1-19, ISSN: 2408 \u2013 6452<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a08. Ananti, M.O., Onyekwelu, R.U. &amp; Madubueze, M.C. (2015). Caretaker committee system: 2003-2014 in Anambra State. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Management, 15(1), 32-38.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a09. Anaychukwu, G.I.,Ani, V.A. &amp; Nsah, B. (2022). Assessment of Local Government Autonomy and Governance: A Case Study in Nigeria. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 2(1): 15-28<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a010. Aragones, E. &amp; Sanchez-Pagez, S. (2009). A Theory of Participatory Democracy Based on the Real Case of Porto Alegre. European Economic Review, 53(1), 56-72.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a011. Avis, W.R. (2016). Urban Governance (Topic Guide). Birmingham, UK: GSDRC, University of Birmingham.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a012. Brian, C. &amp; Hansen, P. (2019). Towards a Critical Theory of Democracy: Participatory Democracy and Social Freedom. In Critical Theory, Democracy. And the Challenge of Neoliberalism. University of Toronto Press. pp. 232-281.\u00a0<a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.3138\/j.ctvnp0hk9.10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-auto-recognition=\"true\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.3138\/j.ctvnp0hk9.10<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a013. Bryon, J.M; Quick, K; Slotterback, C. &amp; Crosby, B. (2013). Designing Public Participation Processes. Public Administration Review, 73(1): 23-34.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 14.\u00a0 Busari-Akinbode, A. &amp; Temilola, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Community Development Associations (CDAs) in Implementing Development Projects in Surulere, Lagos State. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 3(6), 157-166.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 15. Crozier, M., Huntington, S.&amp; Watanuki, J. (1975). The Crisis of Democracy. New York, New York University Press<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a016.\u00a0 Edih, U. (2020). Communal Participation and Good Governance in Nigeria. International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies, 6(1): 35-56, ISSN: 2059-1853<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 17.\u00a0 Fatile, J.O. &amp; Adejuwon, K.D. (2017). Intergovernmental Financial Transfer and Socio-Economic Development at the Grassroots Level: An Empirical Study of Selected Local Governments in Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management, 5(2): 61-77.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 18. Geissel, B. (2009). Participatory Governance: Hope or Danger for Democracy? A Case Study of Local Agenda 21. Local Government Studies, 35(4), 401-414.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a019. Gittell, J.H. (2001). Supervisory Span, Relational Coordination and Flight Departure Performance: A Reassessment of Postbureaucracy Theory, Organization Science, 12(4): 468-483, DOI: 10.1287\/orsc.12.4.468.10636.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a020. Hilmer, J.D. (2010). The State of Participatory Democratic Theory. 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Inglehart, R. (1977). The Silent Revolution. Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics. Princeton, Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a022. Irvin, R. &amp;Stansbury, J. (2004). Citizen Participation in Decision Making: Is It Worth the Effort? Public Administration Review, 64(1), pp. 55\u201365.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 23. Jiman, C.&amp;Foziah, B. (2016).Public Participation Efficiency in Traditional Cities of Developing Countries: A Perspective of Urban Development in Bida, Nigeria. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, (219): 185 \u2013 192<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a024. Keutgen, J. (2021, June 8). Participatory Democracy: The Importance of Having a Say When Times are Hard. An Interview with Institut Montaigne, Paris, France.\u00a0<a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.institutmontaigne.org\/en\/analysis\/participatory-democracy-importance-having-say-when-times-are-hard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-auto-recognition=\"true\">https:\/\/www.institutmontaigne.org\/en\/analysis\/participatory-democracy-importance-having-say-when-times-are-hard<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a025.\u00a0 Local Government Support Programme (2008, August). Citizen Engagement and Participatory Governance: Challenges and Opportunities to Improve Public Services at the Local Level. Good Governance Brief. Sudirman, Indonesia.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a026.\u00a0 Lupien, D. (2022). Participatory Democracy, Democratic Education, and Women. Journal of Latin American Studies, 54(4), 617-645. doi: 10.1017\/S0022216X22000517<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 27. Makinde, J.T., Hassan, A.O. &amp; Taiwo, A.O. (2016). Theory, Principle and Practice of Local Governance in Nigeria. 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Mansuri, G. &amp; Rao, V. (2013). Localizing Development: Does Participation Work?. Washington, DC: World Bank.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a029. Michels, A. (2011). Innovations in Democratic Governance: How Does Citizen Participation Contribute to a Better Democracy?. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(2): 275-293.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a030.\u00a0 Moriyole, A. &amp;Adesopo, A. (2015). Citizen\u2019s Participation in Policy Making at the Local Government in South Western Nigeria. Academic Research International, 6(2): 242-252.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 31. Muazu, A.S; Ibrahim, D; Kabir, U. &amp; Haruna, M. (2017). The 1999 Constitution and the Roles of Local Governments in Nigeria: Hitches and the Way Forward. International Journal of Innovative Legal &amp; Political Studies, 5(2): 1-10, ISSN: 2354-2926.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a032. Offe, C. (2011) Crisis and Innovation in Liberal Democracy: Can Deliberation Be Institutionalized? Czech Sociological Review, 47(3), pp. 447\u2013472<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 33. Oikhala, G. &amp; Tobi, A. (2021). Local Government Reforms and Grassroots Development in Nigeria. Journal of Administrative Science, 18(1), 113 \u2013 133.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a034. Okali, C., Sumberg, J., Farrington, J. (1994). Farmer Participatory Research: Rhetoric and Reality. Intermediate Technology Publications: London.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 35.\u00a0 Okoh, C.C., Onwe, S.O., &amp;Ofoma, C.V. (2022). Local Government Financial Autonomy and Rural Development in Enugu State. Canadian Social Science, 18(5): 16-26.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 36. Olivia (2022, September 23). Participatory Governance: Advantages and Disadvantages. GroundWaterGovernance.\u00a0<a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.groundwatergovernance.org\/participatory-governance-advantages-and-disadvantages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-auto-recognition=\"true\">https:\/\/www.groundwatergovernance.org\/participatory-governance-advantages-and-disadvantages\/<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a037. Osakede, K.O., Ijimakinwa, S.O. &amp; Adesanya, T.O. (2016). Local Government Financial Autonomy in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(11), 24-37.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; pointer-events: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 17px; line-height: 23.8px; font-family: din-next-w01-light, sans-serif; color: #767676; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: arial, '\uff4d\uff53 \uff50\u30b4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af', 'ms pgothic', \ub3cb\uc6c0, dotum, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span class=\"color_15 wixui-rich-text__text\" style=\"background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a038. Quick, K.S. &amp; Bryson, J. (2016). Theories of Public Participation in Governance. In: Torbing, J. &amp; Ansell C. (eds) Handbook in Theories of Governance, Edward Elgar Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3981847 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3981847\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d151e1e\" data-id=\"d151e1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8904dea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8904dea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-321edb5\" data-id=\"321edb5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-463b7f4 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"463b7f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-an-international-multidisciplinary-journal-vol-02-issue-02-apr-jun-2023-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-02, Issue-02 (Apr-Jun 2023) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376 Functional Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Thesis for a Community Participation Model Aderogba, Ademola Asimiyu\u00a0, and Arafat Opeyemi Aderogba Senior Lecturer, Department of General Studies, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Nigeria. Ph.D. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15947","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15947"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30456,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15947\/revisions\/30456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}