{"id":17366,"date":"2025-09-04T13:22:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T12:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?page_id=17366"},"modified":"2025-09-05T03:04:32","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T02:04:32","slug":"evolution-made-easy-from-darwin-to-dna","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/eduphoria-vol-03-issue-02\/evolution-made-easy-from-darwin-to-dna\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"17366\" class=\"elementor elementor-17366\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0885da1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0885da1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49e2671\" data-id=\"49e2671\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a3992 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23a3992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-720832c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"720832c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 28.35pt 10pt 42.55pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sahil\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; margin: 0pt 28.35pt 10pt 42.55pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Student, AIB, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f55fc18 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f55fc18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f5bc97f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f5bc97f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8714f61\" data-id=\"8714f61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3672268 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"3672268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5701\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">About Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Impact Statement<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite this Article<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">DOI:HTTPS:\/\/DOI.ORG\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230441<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5701\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">About Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sahil is a 24-year-old resident of Bhiwani, Haryana and hold a degree in Bachelors of sciences from Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana) where he developed a strong foundation in scientific inquiry and critical thinking. With a keen interest in science research and a passion for staying informed about global affairs, he is driven to explore and learn more about the world around him.\u00a0 His academic background and curiosity have instilled in him a desire to contribute meaningfully to the fields that interest him.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Impact Statement<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This research paper, &#8220;Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA,&#8221; is poised to significantly broaden public understanding of evolutionary biology and its foundational principles. By demystifying complex scientific concepts and tracing the seamless intellectual journey from Darwin&#8217;s observations to modern genetic evidence, this work will serve as an invaluable resource for students, educators, and the general public. The findings and accessible explanations within this paper are intended to directly support high school and undergraduate biology curricula, equip science communicators with clear and compelling narratives, and provide a framework for future educational materials that aim to bridge the gap between scientific consensus and public perception. Ultimately, this paper will help foster a more scientifically literate society, enabling a deeper appreciation for the elegant and interconnected processes that drive life&#8217;s diversity.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite this Article<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA 7th Edition<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sahil. (2025). Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eduphoria-An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 47\u201353. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230444\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230444<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA 9th Edition<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sahil. &#8220;Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eduphoria-An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 3, no. 3, 2025, pp. 47-53, <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230444\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230444<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition (Author-Date)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sahil. 2025. &#8220;Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eduphoria-An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 3, no. 3: 47\u201353. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230444\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230444<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">DOI:HTTPS:\/\/DOI.ORG\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230441<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40bda3e\" data-id=\"40bda3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c958c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16c958c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/98.-Evolution-Made-Eas.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">View PDF<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a482ef7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a482ef7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d6d9027\" data-id=\"d6d9027\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b4314f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2b4314f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d59b57e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d59b57e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-369fb5e\" data-id=\"369fb5e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b07520a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b07520a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Evolution is nature&#8217;s biggest tale ever; in fact, it says how life evolves and survives over billions of years. Unravelling the history of evolutionary theory from Charles Darwin&#8217;s epochal theories concerning natural selection to the DNA-driven revelations of today In, with real-world examples, such as antibiotics-resistant \u201csuperbugs\u201d and fossils of fish like one with wrists (Tiktaalik). This article will explore various phenomena of how evolution colours life. Then we dive into debunking myths, showing examples of how evolution has real-world applications (like medicine and CRISPR crops) and the ethics of designing us humans to steer evolution. This article is written for curious minds who want to explore evolution for knowledge and thrill.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">: evolution, Darwin, DNA, natural selection, CRISPR, biodiversity<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0b4712 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0b4712\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e51aa93\" data-id=\"e51aa93\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4307b5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"4307b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Read Full Article<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7021\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Introduction<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">3.5 billion years ago, Planet Earth, site of a scorching, volcanic wasteland buried under clouds of poisonous gas with no single tree, fish or bird. Some of the only life like barren rock and boiling oceans. Slightly later in time, how this same rock turned to full on teeming biosphere of trees, blue whales as large as airplanes and delicate fungi and brilliant hummingbirds and advanced beings such as ourselves. This is through evolution, the powerful changing process of progression groomed by survival mechanisms and an odd bit of luck mixed with genetic mutant but continuing.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">In 1859, Charles Darwin brought to the world this revolutionary idea via his book called On the Origin of Species where species evolve over time through natural selection. For decades, our knowledge of evolution has become richer and more refined by the discovery of DNA, an inexhaustible fossil record as well as revolutionary technologies such as genome sequencing and computer simulations. They permit us to look far back in time, recreate arched ancient species and the traces of life beyond those which we see with our naked eyes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">This article will highlight how evolution works and its main principles, historic milestones of life on earth, and how it still shapes our planet in this article. So, we will start a little journey of the amazing story that is life on Earth.<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-1c381d91-7fff-17d4-52dd-2c0f17e5a943\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">SIGNIFICANCE<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">The truth is evolution isn\u2019t just a chapter in biology textbooks but the single silver thread that knits life\u2019s deep past, present and future. Knowing how species evolve by the process of natural selection and genetic evolution explains problems that we need solving today: Why do some diseases resist treatment? What is the best way to safeguard vanishing wildlife and plants? What is life like in a warmer, more crowded world? The idea of evolution This article bridges the gap between 19th-century Darwinian breakdowns and current DNA discoveries that bridge our medicine cabinets with what we eat, how we cook and even where ingredients come from.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Using relatable examples such as \u201csuperbugs\u201d and GMOs, students visualize evolution from a passive concept to a constantly operating living system in their daily existence<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Readers will also come out with sense-making powers of science and how it contributed to society. Debunking myths, like \u201chumans evolved from apes\u201d and exploring ethical questions about CRISPR babies lead to a more well-informed reader. In everything from whales having hip bones and why mutations outpace new vaccines, students will leave feeling more awareness for transversality and of course the march of evolution to conquer tomorrow\u2019s challenges (climate change, pandemic etc).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">CASE STUDIES: EVOLUTION IN THE WILD (AND THE LAB)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Antibiotic Resistance (When Bacteria Outsmart Medicine): Penicillin (Miracle drug) was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and saved millions of lives Since then. However, contemporary bacteria such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) are completely immune to antibiotics. Reason is simply, Natural Selection:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Fast multiplying bacteria, sometimes a random DNA mutation will give them resistance.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">The non-resistant die off and antibiotics select the resistant ones.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Over-prescription of antibiotics (industrially, hospitals) accelerate this process.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Realistic effects: hospitals have apparently Superbugs now, and scientists are scrambling for a brand-new chemical to kill them.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">This arms race proves that evolution isn&#8217;t just something that happened in the past, it&#8217;s right here within us.<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Tiktaalik \u2014 The Fish That Walked: In 2004, during the Arctic, scientists discovered a Tiktaalik (a 375-million-year-old) fossil with fins that resemble the wrists and neck of crocodiles. This 380-million-year-old creature joins fish and amphibians as one of Darwin&#8217;s anticipated \u201cintermediary forms.\u201d<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Fish characteristics: Scales included and gills for swimming<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Land Ready Upgrades: Bigger ribcage to carry its body and a precursor of lungs<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Relevance: Tiktaalik is evolution in action as this genomic fossil capturers dogs the transition of vertebrates to land.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">CRISPR: Knitting DNA Together Like a Jigsaw (How bacteria defend against viruses): The molecular \u201cimmune system\u201d of CRISPR stores snippets of viral DNA. Scientists reinvented this tool to edit genes in plants, animals and even humans. Examples:<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Disease-resistant crops: Scientists genetically modify CRISPR rice so it can survive floods and pests.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Medical breakthrough: Trials trying to cure sickle-cell anaemia by harnessing CRISPR.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:disc;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria,serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Ethics: Should we even edit a human embryo and produce &#8220;designer babies?&#8221; There is no morally wrong or right answer for questions like these.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">DISCUSSION (FACT VS FICTION):<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Evolution is random, so how does it create complex life? Mutations (DNA changes) are random, but natural selection isn&#8217;t. Visualize a dice game where you get to keep playing only when you roll certain numbers. Mutations are like rolling the dice, if an environment has no predators, no sun or food limitation then virtually all numbers \u201cwin\u201d. A few examples: polar bears did not evolve white fur randomly, mutations that allowed them to hunt seals on ice and also helped them in developing pale coats were natural to gather in the population over generations.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Evolved from apes so why are apes still with us? Humans have a common ancestor with modern apes (akin to cousins sharing a grandparent) not direct lineage. Imagine evolution as a tree not a ladder. Chimpanzees and humans branched from a common ancestor 7-8 million years ago, to adapt to different environments. Also, dinosaurs evolved into birds, they didn\u2019t disappear.<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Evolution is too slow to matter? Let us take the example of the COVID 19 virus. Inevitably, viruses evolve so quickly because they reproduce rapidly and \u201cmake copying errors\u201d (mutations). Delta, Omicron and next variants arose through natural selection, evading both traditional vaccines and immune protection.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Survival of the fittest is only for the genetically strongest? \u201cFittest\u201d refers to fit for the environment, not physical strength. For example, Gal\u00e1pagos finches with slightly larger beaks survive droughts because they can crack tough seeds. In contrast \u201cstronger\u201d birds with little beaks starved. The genes of nature Do not Favor brute force, but flexibility.<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><br><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">HOW EVOLUTION AFFECT US:<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Health: If we continue to ignore the evolutionary imperatives, routine surgeries could be a death sentence by 2050 due to antibiotic resistance. Our body can become antibiotic resistant and pathogens can infect us through the cut sight.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Conservation: Corals are evolving new heat-tolerant algal symbionts that will allow reefs to stay alive. And we are the real culprit behind the warming up of the oceans.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Tech: CRISPR gene editing takes its cue from bacterial adaptation to engineer DNA and create potential cures for genetic diseases<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">So, Evolution is not about the past \u2014 it is shaping our future.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><br><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">CONCLUSION:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Darwin\u2019s voyage of the Beagle began a scientific revolution, but there is more to the story of evolution. We can now read life\u2019s entire history by studying DNA, from how whales came to be descended from wolf-like land mammals, why birds have tooth gene remnants and what one unique genetic difference causes some humans to drink milk as adults.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">But evolution does not have to be merely a lesson of history anymore; it is a modern-day problem solver. Farmers employ it to produce crop crops that may resist drought, doctors track mutating viruses so as to create better vaccines and conservationists restore natural systems based on the pioneering of animal adaptations.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Whether the CRISPR-edited babies or those de-extinct woolly mammoths will be spawned continues to force a question: Up to what extent should humans\u2019 direct evolution?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Evolution is elegant and universal; it pans out. It takes no account of our plans or convictions\u2014this is something life has experimentally been investigating for ages. The wing colour in a moth, in a bacterium making its way resistant or a being writing this within me all trace back to the exact same process: incremental changes, verified by time.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><br><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">TAKEAWAY:<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Next time when you see a mosquito, a flower or a fossil. Think of not a bug, not a flower or nor a rock but you are seeing the history of life&#8217;s creativity, a legacy 3.5 billion years in the making. Evolution is not some side story in science \u2014 it&#8217;s the saga we all get to live, and it still plays out.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><br><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">REFERENCES:<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><ol style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Darwin, C. (1859). <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">On the origin of species by means of natural selection<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> (pp. 70\u201385). John Murray (Original work published 1859).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">National Geographic Society. (2021). Tiktaalik: The fish out of water. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">National Geographic<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/tiktaalik-roseae<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">, 1.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Shubin, N. (2008). *<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Your inner fish: A journey into the 3.5-billion-year history of the human body<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">* (pp. 45\u201360). Pantheon Books.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">UC Museum of Paleontology. (2022). <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Understanding Evolution<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. University of California Berkeley. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/evolution.berkeley.edu<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. p. 1.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Watson, J. D., &amp; Crick, F. H. C. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids; a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Nature<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">171<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">(4356), 737\u2013738. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/171737a0\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#0563c1;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/171737a0<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">World Health Organization. (2020). Antibiotic resistance. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">WHO Fact Sheets<\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> p. 2. <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antibiotic-resistance<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal;font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;margin-left: -18pt;padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height:1.7999999999999998;text-align: justify;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Zimmer, C. (2020). CRISPR: A revolutionary tool for editing genes. Scientific American (pp. 3\u20135). <\/span><span style=\"font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/crispr-a-revolutionary-tool-for-editing-genes<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae0d7f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae0d7f3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bf6d61\" data-id=\"1bf6d61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-325b96f elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"325b96f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/eduphoria-vol-03-issue-02\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evolution Made Easy: From Darwin to DNA Sahil\u00a0 Student, AIB, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida About Authors Impact Statement Cite this Article DOI:HTTPS:\/\/DOI.ORG\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230441 About Authors Sahil is a 24-year-old resident of Bhiwani, Haryana and hold a degree in Bachelors of sciences from Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (Haryana) where he developed a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":17032,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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