{"id":7528,"date":"2024-06-30T09:56:59","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T08:56:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=7528"},"modified":"2026-04-03T08:43:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T03:13:18","slug":"challenges-and-opportunities-for-rural-development-an-illustrative-study-of-bilaspur-district-chhattisgarh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-vol-3-issue-3\/challenges-and-opportunities-for-rural-development-an-illustrative-study-of-bilaspur-district-chhattisgarh\/","title":{"rendered":"Challenges and opportunities for rural development: an illustrative study of Bilaspur district (Chhattisgarh)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vol-03, Issue-03 (July-Sep 2024)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930: \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (\u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u095d)<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u0947\u0920<\/span>, <\/span>\u092e\u0928\u0940\u0937<\/span> 2<\/span><\/span><\/p>

\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>, <\/span>\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915<\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/p>

\u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span>, <\/span>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941<\/span> \u0918\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span> \u091b\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u095d<\/span> , <\/span>(<\/span>\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Challenges and opportunities for rural development: an illustrative study of Bilaspur district (Chhattisgarh)\n<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kumar, Parveen<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>, Seth Manish<\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Research Scholar<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>, Assistant Professor<\/span>2<\/span><\/span><\/p>

Department of Commerce, Guru Ghasidas University Bilaspur Chhattisgarh, <\/span>(Central University)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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DOI: <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7717<\/span><\/a><\/p>

Subject \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: Rural Development \/ Geography \/ Sociology \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \/ \u092d\u0942\u0917\u094b\u0932 \/ \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/span><\/p>

Page No: 49\u201359<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Received: April 22, 2024<\/span><\/p>

Accepted: May 26, 2024<\/span><\/p>

Published: July 01, 2024<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Thematic Classification \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: Rural Development Challenges, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh Study, Rural Infrastructure, Socio-economic Opportunities, Regional Development \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u0938\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/p>

\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/span> \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u090f\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u0942\u0932<\/span> \u0930\u0942\u092a<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0932<\/span>70 <\/span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924<\/span> \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940<\/span> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/span> 6 <\/span>\u0932\u093e\u0916<\/span> \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u090f\u0915<\/span> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940<\/span>, <\/span>\u092c\u0947\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span>, <\/span>\u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/span>, <\/span>\u0915\u0941\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/span>, <\/span>\u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0908<\/span> 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\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> 73<\/span>\u0935\u093e\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f\u0915<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u090f\u0915<\/span> \u092e\u0940\u0932<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/span> \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928<\/span> \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0939\u0941\u0908<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0917<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/span> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0936\u0939\u0921\u094b\u0932<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c<\/span> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span>, <\/span>\u0930\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span>, <\/span>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u092c\u093e<\/span>, <\/span>\u0914\u0930<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0917\u0940\u0930<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0918\u093f\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u0932<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932<\/span> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/span> 3508.48\u00a0 <\/span>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/span> \u0924\u0925\u093e<\/span> \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0914\u0938\u0924<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/span> 1220 <\/span>\u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u0917\u0930<\/span>, <\/span>\u092e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u0930\u092a\u093e<\/span> \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0918\u093f\u0930\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u0932<\/span> \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/span>\u00a0 12663629 <\/span>\u0939\u0948<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> 79% <\/span>\u0932\u094b\u0917<\/span> \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u0932<\/span> \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/span> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/span> 674\u00a0 <\/span>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/span>, <\/span>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915<\/span>, <\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915<\/span>–<\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0926\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0908<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0938<\/span> \u092a\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u0926\u0942\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u091c\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948<\/span> \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0916\u093e\u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u091c\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>

\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/span>:<\/span> \u0935\u0943\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e<\/span>, <\/span>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/span>, <\/span>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0932<\/span>, <\/span>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/span>, <\/span>\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c<\/span>, <\/span>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0964<\/span><\/p>

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/span> \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/span><\/p>

\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u0938\u0930<\/span>: <\/span>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0930\u093e\u0939<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u090f\u0915<\/span> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930<\/span> \u092c\u0922\u093c<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span>: <\/span>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947<\/span> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/span> \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/span>: <\/span>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u090f\u0915<\/span> \u0928\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e<\/span> \u0926\u0947<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0935<\/span>–<\/span>\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0917\u0920\u0928<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span> \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u091c<\/span>: <\/span>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u091c\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u091c\u094b<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/span> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u0940<\/span> \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/span> \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0924\u0924<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u094b<\/span> \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span> \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> \u091c\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947<\/span> \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f<\/span> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span>, <\/span>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0917\u0948\u0930<\/span>–<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span> \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/span> \u0915\u093e<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span> \u0914\u0930<\/span> \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924<\/span> \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span> \u092f\u0939<\/span> \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/span> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> \u090f\u0915<\/span> \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/span> \u0915\u0926\u092e<\/span> \u0939\u094b<\/span> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Abstract<\/span><\/p>

India is one of the largest democratic countries in the world. Its spirit resides in the villages. The Indian economy is basically rural and agricultural. The upliftment of villages is necessary for the all-round development of the country. 70 percent of the population of this country with rich human resources lives in about 6 lakh villages. Development of rural areas is a big problem in this hugely diverse country. Many problems like poverty, unemployment, rapid population growth, malnutrition, disease can be seen in rural areas. Keeping these in mind, the framers of the Constitution had laid emphasis on the implementation of rural development schemes. The Father of the Nation had envisioned rural development through Panchayati Raj. The 73rd Amendment Bill of the Indian Constitution proved to be a milestone in the matter of rural development. Various schemes sponsored by the Central and State Government proved effective for rural progress and restructuring Bilaspur district is located in the eastern part of Chhattisgarh. This district is surrounded by Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh state and Koriya, Raipur, Korba, and Janjgir districts of Chhattisgarh state. The total area of Bilaspur district is approximately 3508.48 square kilometers. It is hilly in the north and flat in the south. The average rainfall in this district is about 1220 mm. The district is surrounded by Agar, Maniyari and Arpa rivers. The total population of Bilaspur district is approximately 12663629 out of which 79% people live in villages and the total population density is approximately 674 persons per square kilometer. The physical, economic, socio-cultural condition of the rural parts of this district is pathetic. There are many obstacles in the path of rural development, which require systematic solutions. This district has immense development potential, which needs to be the focus of the government and planners. Regional disparities can be eliminated by proper development of physical and human resources so that a blueprint for progress can be prepared.<\/span><\/p>

Keywords:<\/b><\/span> large, democratic, massive, restructuring, Bilaspur district Chhattisgarh, rural development<\/span><\/p>

Impact Statement<\/span><\/p>

Lack of education is a major obstacle to development in rural areas. Spread of education can improve the standard of living and increase employment opportunities. Lack of health services increases health problems in rural areas, leading to shortage of labor force. Increasing women’s participation can give a new dimension to rural development. Formation and training of women self-help groups are necessary. Culture and traditions of rural areas enhance social cohesion and identity, which can be helpful in development. Social impacts should be properly evaluated for rural transformation in Bilaspur district. Overall and sustainable development can be promoted by recognizing challenges and utilizing opportunities. For this, cooperation and participation of local communities, government and non-governmental organizations is very important. This study can be an important step in rural development.<\/span><\/p>

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About Author\/s<\/span><\/p>

Praveen Kumar<\/span>, is Research Scholar at the Department of Commerce, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur Chhattisgarh (A Central University NAAC A++). His research area is finance; he has presented 10 national and international papers and attended eight workshops and FDP.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>


Dr. Manish Seth<\/span>, is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, School of Studies of Commerce and Management, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. (Since 03rd October 2019). His area of Interest\/Specialization, is Finance and Accounting. He has published about 17 Paper in Peer-Reviewed and Refereed Journals and presented 35 papers at National and International Seminars. He is member of Academic Bodies: Life Membership of All India Accounting Association, Patna Chapter, Membership No PTN-55. Life Membership of Indian Commerce Association, Membership No UP- 633.<\/span>
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Cite this Article (\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923):<\/span><\/p>

APA 7th Style:<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0940., \u0935 \u0938\u0947\u0920, \u090f\u092e. (2024). \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930: \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (\u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c). <\/span>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>(03), 49\u201359. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7717<\/span><\/a><\/p>

Chicago 17th Style:<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923, \u0935 \u092e\u0928\u0940\u0937 \u0938\u0947\u0920. “\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930: \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (\u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c).” <\/span>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span> 3, no. 3 (2024): 49\u201359. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7717<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

MLA 9th Style:<\/span> \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u0940\u0937 \u0938\u0947\u0920. “\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930: \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (\u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c).” <\/span>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span>, vol. 3, no. 3, 2024, pp. 49-59, <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7717<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

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Statements & Declarations (\u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923):<\/span><\/p>

Review Method \/ \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f:<\/span> This article underwent a double-blind peer-review process by independent experts in Rural Development and Economics to evaluate the challenges and opportunities discussed in the context of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e ‘\u0921\u092c\u0932-\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930-\u0930\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0942’ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>

Competing Interests \/ \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935:<\/span> The author \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 and the author \u092e\u0928\u0940\u0937 \u0938\u0947\u0920 declare no financial or professional conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this research. \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u0940\u0937 \u0938\u0947\u0920 \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>

Funding \/ \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923:<\/span> This research was conducted as part of the authors’ academic activities at the Department of Commerce, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur. No external funding was received. \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0918\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>

Data Availability \/ \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e:<\/span> The analysis is based on primary and secondary data relevant to the Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Statistical trends regarding rural infrastructure and employment are detailed in the manuscript. \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>

License \/ \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938:<\/span> This work is licensed under <\/span>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0<\/span> \u00a9 2024 by \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0940., \u0935 \u0938\u0947\u0920, \u090f\u092e. Published by ICERT. \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u0940\u0937 \u0938\u0947\u0920 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e ‘\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0908-\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940-\u090f\u0928\u0921\u0940 4.0’ \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0908\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091f (ICERT) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>

Ethics Approval \/ \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/span> The study protocol adhered to ethical standards for social science research. Where human participants were involved in data collection, informed consent was obtained. \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/span><\/p>

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