{"id":8515,"date":"2024-07-17T05:52:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T04:52:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=8515"},"modified":"2026-03-08T10:27:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T04:57:07","slug":"the-effect-of-women-in-business-on-the-performance-of-commercial-banks-in-calabar-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/edu-mania\/edumania-vol-2-issue-3\/the-effect-of-women-in-business-on-the-performance-of-commercial-banks-in-calabar-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"The Effect of Women in Business on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar, Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Vol-02, Issue-03 (Jul-Sep 2024)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2960-0006<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
The Effect of Women in Business on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar, Nigeria<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Otosi F. Bassey<\/span>1<\/span><\/span>, Faithpraise, Fina O<\/span>2<\/span><\/span>, and Ubi Ije<\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

1<\/span><\/span>Business Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria <\/span>2<\/span><\/span>Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Calabar, Nigeria <\/span>3<\/span><\/span>Business Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

DOI:\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9066<\/span><\/a><\/p>

Page Number:\u00a0pp. 176-194<\/span><\/p>

Subject:\u00a0Women in Business, Gender and Banking, Commercial Banks, Bank Performance, Gender Diversity, Corporate Performance, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Received:\u00a012 April 2024<\/span><\/p>

Accepted:\u00a015 June 2024<\/span><\/p>

Published:\u00a010 July 2024<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Thematic Classification:\u00a0Social Sciences: Business & Management; Gender Studies; Banking & Finance<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Abstract<\/span><\/p>

This research paper investigates the impact of women in business on the performance of commercial banks in Calabar, Nigeria. The paper explores how the presence of women in various business roles, particularly in leadership and management, affects the financial and operational success of the banking sector. A survey research design was adopted. A sample size of fifty-four (54) respondents was selected from the total population of sixty-two (62) women employees using simple random sampling technique in all the 13 branches of the banks. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a simple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses via SPSS. The research findings showed that the women in business have significant effect on organizational performance in commercial bank branches selected for the study. Specifically, the study revealed that there is a significant and positive effect of women in business on organizational productivity, financial stability, customer satisfaction, employee engagement, and innovation. Arising from the findings, the study recommended that organizations whether manufacturing or servicing should ensure gender diversity in their team which will bring unique perspectives and experiences to the table, which can lead to more effective problem-solving and new ideas for improving productivity and innovation. The study also recommended that organizations should encourage women participation in the leadership role as they are often known for their strong communication and empathetic skills, which can lead to higher service quality and improved organizational effectiveness to enhance performance.<\/span><\/p>

Keywords:<\/span> Women in business, commercial banks, gender diversity, organizational performance, leadership, financial Stability, innovation<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

Impact Statement<\/span><\/p>

The presence and active participation of women in business have significantly impacted the performance of commercial banks in Calabar, Nigeria. Through increased customer bases, diversified loan portfolios, innovative financial products, and inclusive leadership, women have contributed to the growth and stability of the banking sector. By continuing to support and empower women in business, commercial banks can further enhance their performance and drive sustainable economic development in the region. The inclusion of women in leadership positions within commercial banks has brought diverse perspectives and management styles. Research shows that diverse leadership teams make more balanced decisions and foster innovation. In Calabar, banks with women in senior management roles have reported improved decision-making processes and strategic planning, contributing to better overall performance.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

About Author<\/span><\/p>

Otosi Faithpraise Bassey<\/span>, a lecturer II in the department of business management in the Faculty of Management Sciences at the at the University of Calabar, is responsible for addressing growing needs in management innovation, strategic human resource management, industrial relations, and related areas. He works closely with students and the public to address requirements for small businesses, entrepreneurship, and improvement in the Nigerian business environment, including leadership skills management. He holds a Higher National Diploma (HND) in accounting, a Post Graduate Diploma (PGDM) in Management, a Master of Business Administration (MBA), a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Business Management, and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Management with particular interest on innovation in the financial environment in Nigeria from Cross River State University of Calabar and the University of Calabar, respectively. He has most of his publications in peer-reviewed journals.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Cite this Article<\/span><\/p>

APA (7th ed.):<\/span>\u00a0Otosi, F. B., Faithpraise, F. O., & Ubi, I. (2024). The Effect of Women in Business on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar, Nigeria.\u00a0<\/span>Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span>,\u00a02(3), 176\u2013194.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9066<\/span><\/a><\/p>

Chicago (17th ed.):<\/span>\u00a0Otosi, F. Bassey, Fina O. Faithpraise, and Ije Ubi. “The Effect of Women in Business on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar, Nigeria.”\u00a0<\/span>Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span>\u00a02, no. 3 (2024): 176\u2013194.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9066<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

MLA (9th ed.):<\/span>\u00a0Otosi, F. Bassey, et al. “The Effect of Women in Business on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar, Nigeria.”\u00a0<\/span>Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span>, vol. 2, no. 3, 2024, pp. 176\u2013194.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9066<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>

Statements & Declarations<\/span><\/p>

Peer Review:<\/span>\u00a0The scholarly merit and contribution of this research on women in business and bank performance have been confirmed through a rigorous and independent peer-review process conducted by experts in the relevant disciplines.<\/span><\/p>

Review Type:<\/span>\u00a0This article underwent a double-blind peer review, a process in which the identities of the authors (F. Bassey Otosi, Fina O. Faithpraise, and Ije Ubi) and the reviewers were mutually concealed. The review was conducted by subject experts in business management, gender and organizational studies, banking and finance, and corporate performance.<\/span><\/p>

Competing Interests:<\/span>\u00a0The authors, F. Bassey Otosi, Fina O. Faithpraise, and Ije Ubi, jointly and individually declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<\/span><\/p>

Data Availability:<\/span>\u00a0The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study, including survey responses and bank performance indicators, are available from the corresponding author, F.B. Otosi, upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to privacy and confidentiality agreements with the participating commercial banks and women business owners in Calabar, Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>

Funding:<\/span>\u00a0This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The work was completed using the authors’ institutional resources at the University of Calabar, Nigeria, and personal scholarly efforts.<\/span><\/p>

License:<\/span>\u00a0This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International License. This license permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.<\/span><\/p>

Ethical Approval:<\/span>\u00a0All procedures performed in this study involving human participants (women business owners and bank personnel) were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee. Ethical approval for this research was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the University of Calabar, Nigeria, where all authors are affiliated. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants and from the participating commercial banks included in the study, and their anonymity and confidentiality have been strictly maintained.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/div>

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

References<\/span><\/p>

  1. Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance\u2606. <\/span>Journal of Financial Economics<\/span>, <\/span>94<\/span>(2), 291\u2013309. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfineco.2008.10.007<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  2. Ahmed, S., & Shafiq, K. (2016). Reality and prospects of accounting system in small and medium-sized enterprises in Algeria. A research paper presented at National Forum for Algerian, Algeria (pp. 3\u20135).<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  3. Aiyetan, A. O., & Olotuah, A. O. (2021). <\/span>Impact of motivation on workers\u2019 productivity in the Nigerian construction industry<\/span> (pp. 239\u2013248).<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  4. Alrowwad, A., Obeidat, B. Y., Tarhini, A., & Aqqad, N. (2017). The impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance via the mediating role of corporate social responsibility: A structural equation modeling approach. <\/span>International Business Research<\/span>, <\/span>10<\/span>(1), 199\u2013221. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/ibr.v10n1p199<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  5. American Express. (2021). <\/span>The 2019 state of women-owned businesses report<\/span>. https:\/\/about.americanexpress.com\/files\/doc_library\/file\/2019-state-of-women-owned-businesses-report.pdf<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  6. Boffa-Comby, P. (2017). Promouvoir les talents, Hommes Femmes Entreprises: La combinaison gagnante!, pp. 21\u201327, <\/span>Editions d\u2019organisation, France<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  7. Brownson, C. D. (2021). Factors affecting women entrepreneurs in akwaibom state, Nigeria. <\/span>International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>(1), 1\u201310.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  8. Carrillat, F. A., Jaramillo, F., & Mulki, J. P. (2019). Examining the impact of service quality: A meta-analytic of empirical evidence. <\/span>Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice<\/span>, <\/span>17<\/span>(2), 95\u2013110.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  9. Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J., & Simpson, W. G. (2003). Corporate governance, board diversity, and firm value. <\/span>Financial Review<\/span>, <\/span>38<\/span>(1), 33\u201353. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1540-6288.00034<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  10. Catalyst<\/span>. (2017). <\/span>The Bottom line: Corporate performance and women\u2019s representation on boards<\/span>. https:\/\/www.catalyst.org\/research\/the-bottom-line-corporate-performance-and-womens-representation-on-boards\/<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  11. Cohen, A. R., Fink, S. L., Gadon, H., & Willitts, R. D. (2021). <\/span>Effective behaviour in organizations: Cases, concepts and student experiences<\/span> (6th ed.). Irwin McGraw-Hill.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  12. Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D., & Shrader, C. B. (2023). Women on boards and corporate financial performance: A meta-analysis. <\/span>Academy of Management Journal<\/span>, <\/span>46<\/span>(6), 745\u2013763.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  13. Ferreira, A., & Du Plessis, T. (2015). Effect of online social networking on employee productivity. <\/span>SA Journal of Information Management<\/span>, <\/span>11<\/span>(1), 1\u201311. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/sajim.v11i1.397<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  14. Gaertner, G. H., & Ramnarayan, S. D. (1983). Organizational effectiveness: An alternative perspective. <\/span>The Academy of Management Review<\/span>, <\/span>8<\/span>(1), 97\u2013107. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/257172<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  15. Garcia, M., & Li, Y. (2016). The impact of female directors on bank performance: Evidence from international banks. <\/span>Journal of Banking and Finance<\/span>, <\/span>40<\/span>, 57\u201366.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  16. Hunt, V., Layton, D., & Prince, S. (2022). Women Matter: Gender diversity, a corporate performance driver. McKinsey & Company. https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/gender-equality\/women-matter-2015#<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  17. Ingalagi, S. S., Nawaz, N., Rahiman, H. U., Hariharasudan, A., & Hundekar, V. (2021). Unveiling the Crucial Factors of Women Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century. <\/span>Social Sciences<\/span>, <\/span>10<\/span>(5), 1\u201312. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci10050153<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  18. Iyiola, O. O., & Azuh, D. (2014). Women Entrepreneurs as Small-Medium Enterprise (SME) Operators and their roles in Socio-economic Development in Ota, Nigeria. <\/span>International Journal of Economics, Business and Finance<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>(1), 1\u201310.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  19. Kosmidou, V. M. (2018). Reliability of e-bankqual scale: Retesting in internet banking service settings. <\/span>Business Excellence and Management<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>(1), 13\u201324.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  20. Mansor, N. (2015). Women in business: Determinants for venturing in Malaysians SMEs. http:\/\/www.tbs.ubbc\/uj.ro\/studia\/articol<\/span> (2<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  21. Mart\u00edn-Ugedo, J. F., & Minguez-Vera, A. (2014). Firm performance and women on the board: Evidence from Spanish small and medium-sized enterprises. <\/span>Feminist Economics<\/span>, <\/span>20<\/span>(3), 136\u2013162. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13545701.2014.895404<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  22. McNeese-Smith, D. (2021). Job satisfaction, productivity, and organizational commitment. <\/span>Journal of Nurse Association<\/span>, <\/span>25<\/span>, 17\u201326.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  23. Mordi, C., Simpson, R., Singh, S., & Okafor, C. (2010). The role of cultural values in understanding the challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria. <\/span>Gender in Management. An International Journal<\/span>, <\/span>25<\/span>(1), 5\u201321. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17542411011019904<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  24. Normaizatul, J., Nursafeda, F., Noraini, V., Hamidah, N., & Mohamad, R. (2017). Determinants of women entrepreneurs\u2019 performance in SMEs. International Symposium y Exhibition on Business and Accounting (ISEB), <\/span>8<\/span>(4) (pp. 4\u20136).<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  25. Nwiyii, B. J., Amanawa, D. E., & Uelee, M. N. (2022). Management information systems (MIS) and organizational performance of Selected Production Companies in Southern Nigeria. <\/span>International Journal of Academic Information Systems Research (IJAISR)<\/span>, <\/span>6<\/span>(11), 19\u201328.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  26. Okon, I. E., Ikelegu, M. E., Agorye, A. O., & Faithpraise, F. O. (2021). Ordinal regression modelling of tricycle modal comfort in Calabar, Nigeria: Passengers\u2019 perception. <\/span>Review of International Geographical Education Online<\/span>, <\/span>2021<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  27. Parasuraman, A., Berry, L., Zeithaml, L., & Valarie, A. (2021). Understanding customer expectations of service. <\/span>Sloan Management Review<\/span>, <\/span>32<\/span>(3), 39\u201348.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  28. Pfeffer, J. (1972). Size and composition of corporate boards of directors: The organization and its environment. <\/span>Administrative Science Quarterly<\/span>, <\/span>17<\/span>(2), 218\u2013228. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2393956<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  29. Sangiorgi, D., & Siboni, B. (2017). The disclosure of intellectual capital in Italian universities: What has been done and what should be done. <\/span>Journal of Intellectual Capital<\/span>, <\/span>18<\/span>(2), 354\u2013372. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JIC-09-2016-0088<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  30. Singh, P. (2023). Increasing productivity with motivation in the workplace. <\/span>National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Commerce & Management<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>(6), 27\u201332.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  31. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2019). The impact of women in leadership positions on organizational performance. <\/span>Journal of Business Ethics<\/span>, <\/span>125<\/span>(3), 543\u2013556.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  32. Smith, K., & Brown, A. (2018). The effect of gender diversity on organizational performance: Evidence from a global survey. <\/span>Strategic Management Journal<\/span>, <\/span>39<\/span>(4), 1088\u20131106.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  33. Stotsky, J. (2016). Gender and its relevance to macroeconomic policy. <\/span>IMF Survey, United States<\/span>, 32\u201336.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  34. Usman, A. H. (2021). Impact of women entrepreneurs and the growth of small scale enterprises in Yobe State. <\/span>International Journal of Business & Law Research<\/span>, <\/span>9<\/span>(3), 112\u2013124.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  35. Woolley, A. W., Chabris, C. F., Pentland, A., Hashmi, N., & Malone, T. W. (2010). Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. <\/span>Science<\/span>, <\/span>330<\/span>(6004), 686\u2013688. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1193147<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  36. Kumar, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence: learning and creativity. <\/span>Eduphoria<\/span>, <\/span>01<\/span>(01), 13\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/eduphoria\/230402<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  37. Mokshagundam, S. S. (2023). Workplace Ethics: Fostering an Environment of uprightness & deference. <\/span>Eduphoria<\/span>, <\/span>01<\/span>(02), 6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/eduphoria\/230403<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  38. Negatu, B. S. (2024). The challenges of conducting business in a global context. <\/span>Shodh Sari<\/span>, <\/span>03<\/span>(01), 291\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/sari7673<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  39. Nwosu, E. N. (2023). Relevance of Savitribai Phule\u2019s ideas in OTME-Industry Partnership for Female Students Empowerment in Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State. <\/span>Edumania<\/span>, <\/span>01<\/span>(01), 3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/edmn8961<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  40. Oladapo, J. A. (2023). Healthy family life: a sine qua non for sustainable development. <\/span>Edumania<\/span>, <\/span>01<\/span>(02), 198\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/8984<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  41. Kaur, M., & Sharma, J. (2023b). The role of digital literacy to promote the gender equality. <\/span>Shodh Sari<\/span>, <\/span>02<\/span>(04), 315\u2013327. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/sari7642<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-02, Issue-03 (Jul-Sep 2024) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2960-0006 The Effect of Women in Business on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Calabar, Nigeria Otosi F. Bassey1, Faithpraise, Fina O2, and Ubi Ije3 \u00a0 1Business Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria 2Computer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8336,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8515","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8515"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29495,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8515\/revisions\/29495"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}