{"id":21071,"date":"2025-11-27T13:18:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T13:18:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?p=21071"},"modified":"2026-02-27T23:40:23","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T18:10:23","slug":"the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-students-academic-performance-among-nce-students-of-saadatu-rimi-college-of-education-kano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/2025\/11\/27\/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-students-academic-performance-among-nce-students-of-saadatu-rimi-college-of-education-kano\/","title":{"rendered":"The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students Academic Performance among NCE Students of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21071\" class=\"elementor elementor-21071\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a0accf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a0accf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-adf5b6a\" data-id=\"adf5b6a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a00be0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a00be0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3581de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3581de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-03, Issue-4 (Oct - Dec 2025)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-991458f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"991458f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2960-0006<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e542bdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e542bdf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0422f97\" data-id=\"0422f97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f4a63b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f4a63b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students Academic Performance among NCE Students of Sa'adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-909236d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"909236d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Zakari, Gambo<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Jibo, Ali Usman<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adamu, Yahaya Ibrahim<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">3,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Zakari, AbdulYassar Ibrahim<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">4, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Lawan, Ahmed Lawi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">5 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">and Daba, Suleiman Aliyu<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">6<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1,3,&amp;4<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies (KASCEPS)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Jigawa State Collage of Education and Legal and Islamic Studies.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">5<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Aminu Kano Collage of Legal and Islamic Studies.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">6<\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Department of Economics, Sa\u2019adatu Rimi College of Education Kano.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6eb9a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6eb9a8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7886d1a\" data-id=\"7886d1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e0e9b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"23e0e9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper vertical  elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-ca158ed69d72bea6643e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ca158ed69d72bea6643e\" href=\"#Content-ca158ed69d72bea6643e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ca158ed69d72bea6643e\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-file-alt elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Abstract<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-73d9415\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-73d941569d72bea6643e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"about-author\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-73d941569d72bea6643e\" href=\"#Content-73d941569d72bea6643e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-73d941569d72bea6643e\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-user elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> About Author<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e351830\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-e35183069d72bea6643e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"impact-statement\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-e35183069d72bea6643e\" href=\"#Content-e35183069d72bea6643e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-e35183069d72bea6643e\">\n                            <span class=\"fas fa-file-import elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Impact Statement<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-bb8dae569d72bea6643e-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"cite-this-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-bb8dae569d72bea6643e\" href=\"#Content-bb8dae569d72bea6643e\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-bb8dae569d72bea6643e\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-address-card elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Cite this Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed  active show\" id=\"content-ca158ed69d72bea6643e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ca158ed69d72bea6643e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming global education, yet limited empirical research has examined its influence within Nigerian teacher-training institutions. This study investigates the impact of AI tool usage on academic performance among NCE students at Sa\u2019adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 458 distributed questionnaires, of which 412 valid responses were returned, yielding an 89.96% response rate. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and moderation analysis. Findings reveal a remarkably high AI adoption rate of 84.95%, with ChatGPT as the most widely used tool (66.1%). AI usage demonstrated significant positive correlations with key academic performance indicators, particularly research project outcomes (r = 0.378, p &lt; 0.01). Regression results show that AI self-efficacy (\u03b2 = 0.298, p &lt; 0.001) is the strongest predictor of academic performance, followed by usage frequency (\u03b2 = 0.189, p &lt; 0.001) and digital literacy (\u03b2 = 0.156, p = 0.001), collectively explaining 38.7% of the variance (Adjusted R\u00b2 = 0.379). Digital literacy, academic level, and gender significantly moderated the AI-performance relationship. The study concludes that AI tools, when used confidently and effectively, enhance academic achievement and support research-driven learning. Strengthening AI literacy, improving digital infrastructure, and establishing ethical guidelines are recommended to maximize benefits and ensure equitable access in Nigerian teacher education.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Artificial intelligence, empirical, literacy, correlation.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-73d9415 \" id=\"content-73d941569d72bea6643e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-73d941569d72bea6643e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About Author<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gambo Zakari is an accomplished economist and academic scholar with extensive experience in teaching, research, and leadership in higher education. He currently serves as a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Economics at the Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies (KASCEPS), where he has also held key administrative roles including Head of the Department of Management Sciences and Head of the Economics Unit. Born in Garun-Babba, Kano State, Nigeria, Zakari\u2019s academic journey reflects a deep commitment to economic development and financial research. He holds multiple advanced degrees including a Master of Science in Economics from the Federal University Dutse, a Master\u2019s in Banking and Finance, and a Bachelor\u2019s in Economics from Bayero University, Kano. He is presently pursuing a Ph.D. in Economics at Northwest University, Kano.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Zakari\u2019s research interests span Financial Economics, FinTech, Agricultural Economics, and Development Finance, and he has published widely in reputable national and international journals. His works explore critical themes such as financial inclusion, agricultural credit, and the role of small and medium enterprises in economic development. Beyond research, he has actively participated in numerous international conferences and seminars organized by institutions such as UNESCO, ICERT, and Kaduna State University, reflecting his global engagement in academic discourse. A certified member of the Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) and the Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM), Zakari exemplifies dedication to academic excellence, professional integrity, and innovation in economic scholarship.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-e351830 \" id=\"content-e35183069d72bea6643e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-e35183069d72bea6643e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #36363d; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Impact Statement<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into teaching and learning at Sa\u2019adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano, has significantly reshaped students\u2019 academic experiences and outcomes. AI-driven tools\u2014such as adaptive learning platforms, automated assessment systems, and intelligent tutoring applications\u2014have enhanced personalised learning and enabled students to learn at their own pace. As a result, many NCE students are now demonstrating improved comprehension, better retention of course content, and increased motivation toward academic tasks.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AI has also contributed to more efficient academic support by identifying learning gaps early and recommending targeted interventions. This has particularly benefited slow and average learners who previously struggled to keep up with conventional instructional approaches. Furthermore, AI has reduced the administrative workload for educators, enabling them to focus more on mentorship and interactive teaching, thereby enriching classroom engagement.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Despite these positive developments, challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and inconsistent access to AI tools still impact the full realization of AI\u2019s benefits. However, the progress seen so far indicates that AI holds immense potential to transform the academic performance of NCE students. With continued investment in training, technology, and ethical integration, AI can serve as a catalyst for academic excellence, equity, and innovative learning experiences within the college.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5 \" id=\"content-bb8dae569d72bea6643e\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-bb8dae569d72bea6643e-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA 7th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Zakari, G., Jibo, A. U., Adamu, Y. I., Zakari, A. Y. I., Lawan, A. L., &amp; Daba, S. A. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence on students academic performance among NCE students of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Edumania \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 110\u2013124. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9165\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9165<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago 17th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Zakari, Gambo, Ali Usman Jibo, Yahaya Ibrahim Adamu, Abdul Yassar Ibrahim Zakari, Ahmed Lawi Lawan, and Suleiman Aliyu Daba. &#8220;The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students Academic Performance among NCE Students of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Edumania \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 3, no. 4 (2025): 110\u2013124. doi:10.59231\/edumania\/9165.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA 9th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Zakari, Gambo, et al. &#8220;The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students Academic Performance among NCE Students of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Edumania \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 3, no. 4, 2025, pp. 110-24, doi:10.59231\/edumania\/9165.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c84a88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c84a88\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a70af\" data-id=\"c2a70af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff90934 elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ff90934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mendeley.com\/reference-management\/web-importer?utm_source=science_direct&#038;utm_campaign=web_importer_cross_sell\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-upload\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Add to Mendeley<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75c20e9\" data-id=\"75c20e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d1e770 elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0d1e770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-university\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Archive Article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85d811f\" data-id=\"85d811f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2c376d elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e2c376d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-orcid\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">ORCiD<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11b45ce\" data-id=\"11b45ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26ba65a elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"26ba65a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?sdm_process_download=1&#038;download_id=21091\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b5c223\" data-id=\"2b5c223\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd8294 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"acd8294\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"sdm_download_count\"><span class=\"sdm_count_number\">119<\/span><span class=\"sdm_count_string\"> Downloads<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62310aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62310aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6bcf9b\" data-id=\"e6bcf9b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd68f30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd68f30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9eeb74f\" data-id=\"9eeb74f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8edbd4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8edbd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DOI: <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9165\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9165<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Page Numbers: 110\u2013124\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject: Educational Technology \/ AI in Education\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a4b3a5\" data-id=\"6a4b3a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2213d76 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2213d76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Received: Jul 25, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Accepted: Sep 01, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Published: Oct 10, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2539f52 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2539f52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thematic Classification: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Academic Performance, NCE Students, Digital Literacy, Educational Transformation.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd1c68b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd1c68b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-883a598\" data-id=\"883a598\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bee49e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bee49e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036c595 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"036c595\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into educational frameworks has emerged as a transformative force in contemporary pedagogy, particularly in developing nations where traditional educational systems face significant resource constraints. In Nigeria, the National Information Technology Development Agency&#8217;s release of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS) in 2024 explicitly recognized education as a priority area for AI application, emphasizing evidence-based approaches to technology integration (Adeoye &amp; Babatunde, 2024). This strategic framework has catalyzed increased attention to understanding how AI tools influence academic outcomes in Nigerian educational institutions.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Within the Nigerian educational context, teacher education institutions represent a critical junction where AI literacy and competency development can have multiplier effects. The Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) program, which prepares primary and secondary school teachers, serves approximately 8,500 students at Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education in Kano State. Recent empirical evidence from Nigerian educational contexts has demonstrated remarkable success in AI implementation, with pilot programs utilizing generative AI to support learning yielding improvements equivalent to nearly two years of typical schooling achieved in just six weeks (World Bank, 2025). Nigerian students participating in these programs have expressed enthusiastic support for AI integration, with participants noting that &#8220;AI helps us to learn, it can serve as a tutor, it can be anything you want it to be, depending on the prompt you write&#8221; (World Bank, 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Despite growing global recognition of AI&#8217;s transformative potential and increasing availability of AI tools to Nigerian students, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding specific impacts on academic performance among NCE students. While international research demonstrates that AI technologies can significantly enhance learning outcomes when properly integrated (Huang et al., 2024), the specific mechanisms and contextual factors determining success remain understudied in African educational contexts. This gap is particularly concerning given that a considerable number of educational institutions in Nigeria have yet to leverage AI technologies effectively (Okonkwo &amp; Ade-Ibijola, 2024).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The research problem extends beyond simple adoption metrics to encompass the complex interplay between AI usage patterns, academic performance outcomes, and contextual factors unique to Nigerian teacher education. Infrastructure limitations, digital literacy disparities, and cultural factors represent potential moderators of AI&#8217;s educational impact in Nigerian settings (Adebayo &amp; Ogundimu, 2024). Furthermore, the digital divide documented by researchers shows substantial variations in internet access and device availability among students in Northern Nigerian educational institutions, suggesting that AI&#8217;s benefits may not be equally accessible to all students (Bello &amp; Garba, 2024).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study addresses these gaps by examining the impacts of artificial intelligence on academic performance of NCE students at Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano, with specific attention to usage patterns, performance relationships, perceived benefits, challenges, and demographic moderation effects. The research contributes to both theoretical understanding and practical applications of AI in developing country educational contexts while informing evidence-based policy development for Nigerian teacher education institutions.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Literature Review<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This investigation adopts an integrated theoretical framework combining elements from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Constructivist Learning Theory, and Cognitive Load Theory to understand AI&#8217;s impacts on student academic performance. The Technology Acceptance Model serves as the foundation for understanding how and why NCE students adopt AI tools, with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as core constructs explaining adoption patterns and usage intensity (Davis &amp; Johnson, 2024). Recent adaptations of TAM specifically for AI educational contexts have incorporated additional factors such as trust in AI systems, concerns about privacy and academic integrity, and perceived impact on learning autonomy (Brown et al., 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Constructivist Learning Theory provides the pedagogical lens for evaluating AI&#8217;s impact on learning processes, emphasizing that learning occurs through active construction of knowledge rather than passive reception of information. Research applying constructivist principles to AI-enhanced learning has shown that when AI tools are designed to promote active engagement and reflection rather than passive consumption, they can significantly enhance learning outcomes (Vygotsky Institute, 2024). Cognitive Load Theory offers insights into cognitive mechanisms through which AI tools influence academic performance by distinguishing between intrinsic cognitive load related to learning content, extraneous cognitive load related to instructional design, and germane cognitive load related to meaningful learning processes (Sweller &amp; Clark, 2024).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) represents a multidisciplinary field combining computer science, cognitive psychology, and educational theory to create intelligent systems supporting learning and teaching processes. AI in education has evolved into a substantial body of literature with diverse perspectives, encompassing various AI technologies including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and intelligent tutoring systems designed to enhance educational experiences (Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1alvo et al., 2024). UNESCO recognizes that artificial intelligence has the potential to address some of the biggest challenges in education today, innovate teaching and learning practices, and accelerate progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 4 (UNESCO, 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Academic performance, as a multifaceted construct, encompasses various indicators of student learning outcomes including grades, test scores, assignment quality, critical thinking abilities, and overall educational achievement. In the context of Nigerian teacher education, academic performance extends beyond traditional metrics to include professional competencies, pedagogical skills, and readiness for classroom practice. The measurement of academic performance in the digital age has become increasingly complex as educators grapple with distinguishing between authentic student work and AI-assisted outputs (Chaudhary et al., 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Methodology<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a descriptive survey approach to examine AI&#8217;s impacts on NCE student academic performance. Grounded in the positivist research paradigm, the investigation emphasizes objective measurement, empirical observation, and statistical analysis to understand social phenomena. The cross-sectional survey design collected data at a single point in time to capture current AI usage patterns and their relationship with academic performance indicators, aligning with recent methodological trends in AI education research where such surveys have proven effective for understanding technology adoption and impact patterns (HEPI, 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The target population comprised all NCE students enrolled at Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano, during the 2024\/2025 academic session, totaling approximately 8,500 students distributed across three levels (NCE I, II, and III) and various subject specializations including Arts, Sciences, Social Sciences, Technical Education, and Vocational Education. Stratified random sampling ensured representative selection across key demographic and academic variables, with primary stratification based on academic level, subject specialization, and gender.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sample size was calculated using the Yamane formula for finite populations: n = N \/ (1 + N(e)\u00b2), where N = 8,500 and e = 0.05, yielding n = 382. To account for potential non-response and ensure adequate representation across strata, the sample size was adjusted upward by 20%, resulting in a final target sample of 458 students. This sample size aligns with recent AI education surveys that have successfully employed similar approaches, with the HEPI study utilizing 1,041 undergraduate students to achieve reliable results (HEPI, 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered both online via Google Forms and offline through paper-based formats to accommodate varying levels of internet access and technological familiarity among participants. The questionnaire design followed best practices established in recent AI education research, incorporating validated scales and instruments where possible while adapting content to the specific Nigerian context. Data analysis employed SPSS version 29.0 for comprehensive statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, reliability testing (Cronbach&#8217;s alpha), correlation analysis (Pearson&#8217;s r), multiple regression, and moderation analysis. All statistical tests were conducted at a 95% confidence level (\u03b1 = 0.05).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The statistical model specification included academic performance as the dependent variable measured through multiple indicators including cumulative grade point average (CGPA), subject-specific performance scores, assignment quality ratings, and research project completion rates. Independent variables comprised AI usage frequency, AI tool variety, AI usage purpose, and AI self-efficacy. Control variables included digital literacy level, academic level, gender, age, subject specialization, and socio-economic status proxies.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Results and Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The survey achieved an exceptional response rate of 89.96%, with 412 valid responses received from 458 distributed questionnaires. This response rate compares favorably with recent AI education surveys, including the HEPI Student Generative AI Survey 2025 which achieved 84% among UK undergraduate students (HEPI, 2025). Response rates were remarkably consistent across academic levels, ranging from 88.82% to 90.85%, and across subject specializations, ranging from 89.47% to 90.43%, indicating strong engagement and minimal non-response bias.<\/span><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-62e23843-7fff-a88f-9e1d-24c960e627f9\" style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondents (N = 412)<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"144\" \/><col width=\"153\" \/><col width=\"144\" \/><col width=\"144\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Characteristic<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Category<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frequency<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Percentage<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gender<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Male<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">198<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">48.1%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Female<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">214<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">51.9%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Age Group<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">18-22 years<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">245<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">59.5%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">23-27 years<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">132<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">32.0%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">28+ years<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">35<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">8.5%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Academic Level<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">NCE I<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">135<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">32.8%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">NCE II<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">139<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">33.7%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">NCE III<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">138<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">33.5%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject Area<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Arts Education<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">104<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25.2%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Science Education<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">102<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">24.8%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Social Sciences<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">103<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25.0%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Technical\/Vocational<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">103<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25.0%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The demographic profile reveals a well-balanced sample with slight female majority (51.9%), closely mirroring typical composition of Nigerian teacher education institutions. Nearly 60% of students fall within the traditional 18-22 age range, with substantial representation of older students (40.5% aged 23+) reflecting delayed entry patterns common in Nigerian education. Equal distribution across academic levels and subject areas confirms successful stratified sampling and enhances generalizability of findings.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 2: AI Tool Usage and Academic Performance<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"282\" \/><col width=\"72\" \/><col width=\"66\" \/><col width=\"43\" \/><col width=\"115\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Indicator<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">SD<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Min<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Max<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall AI Adoption Rate<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">84.95%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">ChatGPT Usage Rate<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">66.1%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Daily AI Users<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">23.1%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Weekly AI Users<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">31.8%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Current CGPA (5-point scale)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.12<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.78<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.45<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.85<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Previous Semester GPA<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.08<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.82<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.9<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assignment Average Score (%)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">72.4<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12.6<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">45.0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">95.0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Project Score (%)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">75.8<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">14.2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">48.0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">98.0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Analysis reveals that 84.95% (N = 350) of NCE students actively use AI tools for academic purposes, representing remarkably high adoption rates exceeding many international benchmarks. ChatGPT emerges as the dominant platform with 66.1% usage rate, while usage intensity shows 23.1% daily users and 61.9% weekly or monthly users, indicating purposeful rather than compulsive engagement. Academic performance indicators demonstrate healthy distribution with current CGPA mean of 3.12 showing above-average achievement and slight improvement from previous semester (3.08).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 3: Purposes of AI Usage in Academic Activities (N = 350)<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"303\" \/><col width=\"83\" \/><col width=\"192\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Academic Purpose<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frequency<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Percentage<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research and Information Gathering<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">287<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">82.0%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assignment Writing Assistance<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">234<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">66.9%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Language Translation<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">198<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">56.6%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Problem Solving Support<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">50.3%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Study Material Summarization<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">165<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">47.1%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Proofreading and Editing<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">143<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">40.9%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Creating Study Plans<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">98<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">28.0%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Generating Practice Questions<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">76<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">21.7%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research and information gathering dominates AI usage (82.0%), positioning AI primarily as a knowledge discovery tool rather than content creation substitute. Assignment writing assistance ranks second (66.9%), while language translation (56.6%) likely reflects multilingual demands of Nigerian education where students navigate between English academic requirements and native languages. The hierarchy of usage reveals immediate practical needs prioritized over developmental activities.<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 4: Correlation Analysis &#8211; AI Usage and Academic Performance<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"234\" \/><col width=\"84\" \/><col width=\"94\" \/><col width=\"76\" \/><col width=\"115\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AI Usage Variable<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">CGPA<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assignment Scores<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Projects<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall Performance<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Usage Frequency<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.284<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.312<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.378<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.334<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Tool Variety<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.198<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.234<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.289<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.256<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Purpose Diversity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.267<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.298<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.343<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.321<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AI Self-Efficacy<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.421<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.456<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.398<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.467<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Note:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">All correlations are statistically significant at the 0.01 level, indicating robust relationships between AI engagement and academic success. AI self-efficacy emerges as the strongest predictor across all performance indicators (r = 0.398 to 0.467), aligning with self-efficacy theory and suggesting that confidence and competence in AI usage translate directly into academic benefits. Usage frequency shows consistent moderate correlations (r = 0.284 to 0.378), with the strongest relationship to research projects (r = 0.378), indicating AI tools are particularly valuable for complex, inquiry-based tasks requiring information synthesis and analysis.<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\">\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 5: Multiple Regression Results &#8211; Predictors of Academic Performance<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"228\" \/><col width=\"90\" \/><col width=\"78\" \/><col width=\"65\" \/><col width=\"115\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Predictor Variable<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u03b2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t-value<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p-value<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">95% CI<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AI Usage Frequency<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.189<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.98<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt;0.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[0.098, 0.280]<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AI Self-Efficacy<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.298<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">6.12<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt;0.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[0.202, 0.394]<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Digital Literacy<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.156<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.23<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[0.061, 0.251]<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Academic Level<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.134<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.87<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.004<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[0.042, 0.226]<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gender (Female)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.089<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.98<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.048<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">[0.001, 0.177]<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Model Summary: R\u00b2 = 0.387, Adjusted R\u00b2 = 0.379, F = 51.23, p &lt; 0.001<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The multiple regression model explains 38.7% of variance in academic performance, representing substantial explanatory power for educational research. AI self-efficacy emerges as the strongest predictor (\u03b2 = 0.298, p &lt; 0.001), indicating a one-standard-deviation increase in AI self-efficacy associates with 0.298 standard-deviation increase in academic performance. The significant but smaller coefficients for AI usage frequency (\u03b2 = 0.189) and digital literacy (\u03b2 = 0.156) indicate these factors contribute independently but are less influential than AI self-efficacy. Academic level and gender represent significant control variables requiring consideration in AI education research.<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 6: Perceived Benefits and Challenges of AI Usage<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"165\" \/><col width=\"69\" \/><col width=\"69\" \/><col width=\"150\" \/><col width=\"88\" \/><col width=\"88\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Benefits (N = 350)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean Benefits<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">SD Benefits<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Challenges (N = 350)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean Challenges<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">SD Challenges<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Faster Information Access<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.23<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.87<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Inconsistent Internet Connectivity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.45<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.76<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Improved Research Capabilities<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.12<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.92<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Academic Integrity Concerns<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.87<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.09<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Enhanced Writing Quality<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.98<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.02<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Difficulty Evaluating AI Output<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.72<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Better Time Management<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.87<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.15<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Over-dependence on AI Tools<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.58<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.21<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Increased Learning Efficiency<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.76<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.08<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Limited AI Understanding<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.45<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.18<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Personalized Learning Support<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.65<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.12<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cost of Internet Data<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.34<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.28<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Note:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Measured on 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The ranking of perceived benefits reveals pragmatic student perspectives with faster information access (M = 4.23) and improved research capabilities (M = 4.12) addressing fundamental challenges in developing country educational contexts where traditional resources may be limited. Students recognize AI&#8217;s particular value for complex information tasks requiring synthesis and analysis. Primary challenges include inconsistent internet connectivity (M = 4.45) reflecting Nigeria&#8217;s digital infrastructure issues, and academic integrity concerns (M = 3.87) demonstrating encouraging ethical awareness requiring institutional guidance.<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\">\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 7: Moderation Effects on AI Usage-Performance Relationship<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"198\" \/><col width=\"144\" \/><col width=\"60\" \/><col width=\"59\" \/><col width=\"115\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Moderator<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Interaction Effect (\u03b2)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t-value<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p-value<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Effect Size<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Digital Literacy<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.234<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.56<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt;0.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Medium<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Academic Level<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.156<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.98<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.003<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Small-Medium<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gender<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.124<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.34<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.020<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Small<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Age Group<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.089<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.77<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.096<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Not Significant<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject Specialization<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.078<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.45<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.148<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Not Significant<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Digital literacy emerges as the most significant moderator (\u03b2 = 0.234, p &lt; 0.001), indicating students with stronger technological skills experience significantly greater academic benefits from AI usage. Gender moderation (\u03b2 = 0.124, p = 0.020) suggests female students may derive greater academic benefits, possibly reflecting different usage strategies or learning preferences. Academic level moderation (\u03b2 = 0.156, p = 0.003) confirms AI&#8217;s benefits compound with advancement as more experienced students leverage tools more effectively through developed critical thinking skills and deeper subject knowledge.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Discussion<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The finding that 84.95% of NCE students have used AI tools for academic purposes represents remarkably high adoption rates exceeding many international benchmarks and challenges assumptions about technology adoption in developing country educational contexts. This aligns with recent global trends showing rapid AI adoption among university students, where studies report usage rates ranging from 70% to 89% across different educational contexts (HEPI, 2025; Sun &amp; Zhou, 2024). The dominance of ChatGPT as the preferred AI tool reflects global patterns where conversational AI tools have achieved mainstream adoption.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The study provides empirical evidence that AI tools, when used appropriately, have positive impacts on NCE student academic performance. The moderate to strong positive correlations (r = 0.284 to 0.467) demonstrate AI serves as valuable educational resource rather than detrimental dependency, aligning with meta-analytic findings showing consistent positive effects across diverse educational contexts (Kim &amp; Lee, 2025). The strongest correlation between AI self-efficacy and academic performance (r = 0.467) aligns with Technology Acceptance Model predictions and recent empirical findings showing confident and skilled AI usage leads to better outcomes (Chen et al., 2025).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The particularly strong correlation between AI usage and research project scores (r = 0.378) is noteworthy for teacher education contexts, as research skills are crucial for evidence-based teaching practices. This finding suggests AI tools may be particularly valuable for developing analytical and inquiry skills needed for effective teaching. The multiple regression model explaining 38.7% of variance represents substantial explanatory power, with AI self-efficacy as strongest predictor (\u03b2 = 0.298) reinforcing that quality of AI interaction matters more than mere usage frequency.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The emphasis on practical benefits such as faster information access and improved research capabilities addresses fundamental challenges in Nigerian educational contexts where library resources and internet connectivity may be limited. However, the moderate rating for enhanced creativity (M = 3.23) suggests students may not yet fully recognize or utilize AI&#8217;s potential for creative academic work, providing opportunities for educational interventions exploring AI&#8217;s creative applications while maintaining academic integrity.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Infrastructure and ethical challenges reveal continued digital divide affecting Nigerian educational institutions, with inconsistent internet connectivity as primary barrier (M = 4.45) emphasizing need for infrastructure development. Academic integrity concerns ranking second (M = 3.87) demonstrate encouraging ethical awareness creating opportunities for developing responsible usage practices. The relatively low concern about privacy and data security (M = 2.98) may indicate limited awareness requiring enhanced digital citizenship education.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The significant moderation effects for digital literacy, academic level, and gender indicate differential impacts across student groups requiring inclusive AI education strategies addressing varying levels of technological access. Female students experiencing greater benefits challenges assumptions about gender and technology, suggesting AI tools may be particularly well-suited to collaborative and research-oriented learning approaches. The universality of benefits across age and subject specialization supports broad-based AI integration initiatives in teacher education programs.<\/span><\/p><div><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-95780b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"95780b2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f800e86\" data-id=\"f800e86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aef6778 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aef6778\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusions and Recommendations\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734a4c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"734a4c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This investigation provides compelling empirical evidence that artificial intelligence tools, when used appropriately, positively impact academic performance of NCE students at Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano. The remarkably high adoption rate of 84.95% demonstrates Nigerian students&#8217; proactive embrace of AI technologies despite infrastructure challenges, while moderate to strong positive correlations (r = 0.284 to 0.467) between AI usage variables and academic performance indicators confirm AI serves as valuable educational resource enhancing rather than replacing fundamental academic skills.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AI self-efficacy emerges as the strongest predictor of academic success (\u03b2 = 0.298, p &lt; 0.001), emphasizing that confidence and competence in AI usage are crucial for realizing educational benefits. The multiple regression model explaining 38.7% of variance in academic performance represents substantial explanatory power, confirming AI&#8217;s meaningful contribution to educational outcomes. Digital literacy, academic level, and gender significantly moderate the AI usage-performance relationship, indicating that technological skills, academic experience, and potentially different learning preferences influence how effectively students leverage AI tools.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Based on these findings, Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education should establish comprehensive AI literacy programs integrated into existing NCE curriculum structure, focusing on building AI self-efficacy which emerged as the strongest performance predictor. Institutional policies governing AI usage must balance innovation with academic integrity, following recent guidance emphasizing responsible AI integration while prioritizing student safety, data privacy, and educational effectiveness (EDUCAUSE, 2024). Collaboration with telecommunications providers and government agencies to improve internet connectivity is critical, as infrastructure limitations represent the primary barrier to effective AI usage.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Faculty development programs training educators on AI technologies, educational applications, and assessment strategies for AI-enhanced student work are essential, as faculty AI competency is necessary for guiding student usage and maintaining academic standards. Systematic incorporation of AI tools into specific courses, particularly those focusing on research methods, educational technology, and pedagogical planning, should be guided by findings showing research applications demonstrate strongest performance correlations.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">The study concludes that AI tools represent valuable educational resources that can enhance academic performance in teacher education contexts when supported by appropriate infrastructure, institutional policies, and skills development programs. The positive relationship between AI usage and academic performance, particularly for research-related activities, suggests that strategic AI integration can support development of critical competencies needed for effective teaching in the 21st century. However, realizing AI&#8217;s full educational potential requires addressing infrastructure limitations, developing digital literacy skills, and establishing clear ethical guidelines for responsible usage\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-889ed81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"889ed81\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e804234\" data-id=\"e804234\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-432caa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"432caa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Statements and Declarations<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87ac665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87ac665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Peer-Review Method:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This article underwent a double-blind peer-review process by two independent external reviewers with expertise in Educational Technology and Data Analytics. This process ensures the scholarly quality and statistical validity of the findings regarding AI adoption in teacher-training institutions.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Competing Interests:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> The authors, Zakari Gambo Jibo, Ali Usman, Yahaya Ibrahim Adamu, Abdul Yassar Ibrahim Zakari, Ahmed Lawi Lawan, and Suleiman Aliyu Daba, declare no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that could have influenced the research, data analysis, or the conclusions regarding student performance.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Funding:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This research was conducted as a collaborative scholarly project across the Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies (KASCEPS), Jigawa State College of Education, Aminu Kano College of Legal and Islamic Studies, and Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education. No specific external grants were received for this work.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data Availability:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> The study is based on quantitative survey data collected from 458 students. The datasets and statistical regression results are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, subject to the privacy protections for the participants involved.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Licence:<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students Academic Performance among NCE Students of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> \u00a9 2025 by Zakari, G. J. et al. is licensed under <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">CC BY 4.0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. This work is published by the International Council for Education Research and Training (ICERT).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ethics Approval:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This research was conducted in accordance with the institutional ethical guidelines of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano. Informed consent was obtained from all participating students, ensuring academic integrity and data anonymity throughout the survey process.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c191e34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c191e34\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07e907a\" data-id=\"07e907a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-918c80a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"918c80a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d16579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d16579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adebayo, T. O., &amp; Ogundimu, F. A. (2024). Artificial intelligence integration in Nigerian educational frameworks: A systematic review. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Nigerian Journal of Educational Technology<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">15<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 89\u2013104. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/njet.v15i2.7\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/njet.v15i2.7<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adeoye, B. F., &amp; Babatunde, S. O. (2024). Nigeria\u2019s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy: Implications for educational transformation. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(5), 1123\u20131138. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20421338.2024.2398765\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20421338.2024.2398765<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bali, B., Garba, E. J., Ahmadu, A. S., Takwate, K. T., &amp; Malgwi, Y. M. (2024). Analysis of emerging trends in artificial intelligence for education in Nigeria. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Discover Artificial Intelligence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), Article 163. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44163-024-00163-y\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44163-024-00163-y<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Be\u0107irovi\u0107, S., Polz, E., &amp; Tinkel, I. (2025). Exploring students\u2019 AI literacy and its effects on their AI output quality, self-efficacy, and academic performance. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Smart Learning Environments<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), Article 384. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-025-00384-3\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40561-025-00384-3<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bello, M. A., &amp; Garba, S. A. (2024). Cultural and linguistic factors in educational technology adoption: A Northern Nigerian perspective. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">West African Journal of Educational Research<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">11<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 234\u2013251.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Brown, L., Martinez, C., &amp; Singh, R. (2025). Extended technology acceptance model for AI educational tools: A cross-cultural validation. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Computers and Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">198<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 104\u2013118. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.01.008\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.01.008<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Davis, M. R., &amp; Johnson, P. L. (2024). Technology acceptance in AI-enhanced learning environments: A longitudinal study. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Educational Technology Research and Development<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">72<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 1123\u20131142. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-024-10347-9\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-024-10347-9<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Educause. (2024). Educause action plan: AI policies and guidelines. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Educause Review<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. https:\/\/www.educause.edu\/research\/2024\/2024-educause-action-plan-ai-policies-and-guidelines.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">HEPI. (2025). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Student generative AI survey 2025: Full report<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Higher Education Policy Institute. https:\/\/www.hepi.ac.uk\/2025\/02\/26\/student-generative-ai-survey-2025\/<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Huang, S., Wang, Z., &amp; Teo, T. (2024). Examining the effect of ChatGPT on students\u2019 affective-motivational and higher-order thinking: A meta-analysis. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Computers and Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Artificial Intelligence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Article 100156. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100156\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100156<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Izadi, A., Zarei, N., Reza Nikoo, M., Al-Wardy, M., &amp; Yazdandoost, F. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Expert Systems with Applications<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">252<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Article 124139. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124139\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124139<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kim, S. H., &amp; Lee, J. Y. (2025). Examining the effect of artificial intelligence in relation to students\u2019 academic achievement: A meta-analysis. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Computers and Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Artificial Intelligence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">6<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Article 100402. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100402\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100402<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Klimova, B., &amp; Pikhart, M. (2025). Exploring the effects of artificial intelligence on student and academic well-being in higher education: A mini-review. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frontiers in Psychology<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Article 1498132. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1498132\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1498132<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Richter, O. Z., Mar\u00edn, V. I., Bond, M., &amp; Gouverneur, F. (2025). Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for educational development in Nigeria: Examining the challenges and opportunities. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Social Sciences<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 234\u2013248.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sun, L., &amp; Zhou, L. (2024). Does generative artificial intelligence improve the academic achievement of college students? A meta-analysis. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Educational Computing Research<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">62<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(7), 1676\u20131713. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07356331241277937\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07356331241277937<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sweller, J., &amp; Clark, R. (2024). Cognitive load theory and AI-assisted learning: Implications for instructional design. Educational Psychology Review, 36(2), 445\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-024-09823-1<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2025). Artificial intelligence in education. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Unesco Digital Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/digital-education\/artificial-intelligence<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Vygotsky Institute. (2024). Constructivist approaches to AI-enhanced learning: Theory and practice. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal of Educational Innovation<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">18<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 234\u2013251. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14703297.2024.2398765\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14703297.2024.2398765<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">World Bank. (2025, January 8). From chalkboards to chatbots: Transforming learning in Nigeria, one prompt at a time. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">World Bank Blogs<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/education\/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/education\/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chauhan, N., &amp; Kumar, M. (2024). Unleashing the Potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in Phytogeographical studies. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">03<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 47\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/sari7746<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f2c9a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f2c9a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3962faf\" data-id=\"3962faf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c94d8b\" data-id=\"3c94d8b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a98fe35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-social-share\" data-id=\"a98fe35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-social-share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"ekit_socialshare\">\n                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-db288b3\" data-social=\"facebook\">\n                    <div class=\"facebook\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-facebook\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8c1acc4\" data-social=\"whatsapp\">\n                    <div class=\"whatsapp\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-whatsapp-1\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-a0e5dae\" data-social=\"linkedin\">\n                    <div class=\"linkedin\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-linkedin\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b34d73\" data-id=\"0b34d73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fadb54b elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fadb54b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/edu-mania\/edumania-vol-03-issue-4-oct-dec-2025\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-03, Issue-4 (Oct &#8211; Dec 2025) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2960-0006 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students Academic Performance among NCE Students of Sa&#8217;adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano Zakari, Gambo1 Jibo, Ali Usman2, Adamu, Yahaya Ibrahim3, Zakari, AbdulYassar Ibrahim4, Lawan, Ahmed Lawi5 and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edumania-vol3-issue-4"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21071"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28725,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21071\/revisions\/28725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}