{"id":21267,"date":"2025-12-11T20:16:42","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T20:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?p=21267"},"modified":"2026-02-19T20:29:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T14:59:45","slug":"336-tradition-of-translation-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/2025\/12\/11\/336-tradition-of-translation-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Tradition of Translation in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21267\" class=\"elementor elementor-21267\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f0d3c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f0d3c8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f72cb5\" data-id=\"1f72cb5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eb32af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7eb32af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e12889 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e12889\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-04, Issue-04 (Oct-Dec  2025)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b0096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c1b0096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86480ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86480ba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7319cf7\" data-id=\"7319cf7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca856a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca856a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e Tradition of Translation in India<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93c3952 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93c3952\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0915\u094c\u0930, \u0939\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0930\u00a0 Kaur, Harjinder<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0930, \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0911\u092b \u090f\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0930\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0905\u092e\u0943\u0924\u0938\u0930 (\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assistant Professor, Khalsa College of Education, Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar Punjab<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-447f20c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"447f20c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3327ec\" data-id=\"a3327ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3938287 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"3938287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper vertical  elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-ca158ed69d032fbcae31-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ca158ed69d032fbcae31\" href=\"#Content-ca158ed69d032fbcae31\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ca158ed69d032fbcae31\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-file-alt elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Abstract<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-73d9415\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-73d941569d032fbcae31-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"about-author\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-73d941569d032fbcae31\" href=\"#Content-73d941569d032fbcae31\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-73d941569d032fbcae31\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-user elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> About Author<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e351830\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-e35183069d032fbcae31-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"impact-statement\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-e35183069d032fbcae31\" href=\"#Content-e35183069d032fbcae31\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-e35183069d032fbcae31\">\n                            <span class=\"fas fa-file-import elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Impact Statement<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-bb8dae569d032fbcae31-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"cite-this-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-bb8dae569d032fbcae31\" href=\"#Content-bb8dae569d032fbcae31\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-bb8dae569d032fbcae31\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-address-card elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Cite this Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed  active show\" id=\"content-ca158ed69d032fbcae31\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ca158ed69d032fbcae31-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u0930<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092c\u0940\u091c \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932, \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study explores the ancient tradition of translation in India, and traces its development from the Vedic and Upanishadic periods to the modern era. It highlights the important role of translation in promoting linguistic and cultural exchange between different Indian languages and beyond. The study highlights the dynamic nature of translation activities and their impact on Indian society. Vedic and Upanishadic translations were instrumental in spreading spiritual and philosophical ideas, while Buddhist and Jain translations brought religious teachings to the general public. The Mughal period saw significant intercultural exchanges, with translations between Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic enriching the literary and scientific landscape. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">During the colonial period, translation between Indian languages and English played a vital role in the exchange of knowledge between East and West.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><em>Keywords<\/em>: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: #f8f9fa; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Seed words: Ancient Indian translations, Vedic period, Mughal translations, Colonial translations, Modern Indian translations, Linguistic exchange<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u00a0<\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-73d9415 \" id=\"content-73d941569d032fbcae31\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-73d941569d032fbcae31-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About Author<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dr. Harjinder Kaur is an Assistant Professor at Khalsa College of Education, Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar (Punjab), with 15.8 years of teaching experience. She has a diverse educational background, including a Master\u2019s degree in Hindi, History, and Education, along with a Ph.D. and UGC-NET qualification in Education. Dr. Kaur has taught B.Ed. and M.Ed. classes and has contributed significantly to academic research by publishing articles and research papers in UGC CARE-listed and peer reviewed journals. She has also delivered guest lectures at various institutions, presented papers at conferences and seminars, and developed e-learning delivery modules. In addition to her teaching and research contributions, she has actively participated in professional development programs, including the Faculty Induction Programme and Refresher Courses, further enhancing her academic and pedagogical expertise.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-e351830 \" id=\"content-e35183069d032fbcae31\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-e35183069d032fbcae31-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Impact Statement<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941, \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915, \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5 \" id=\"content-bb8dae569d032fbcae31\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-bb8dae569d032fbcae31-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA 7th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kaur, H. (2025). \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e [<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Tradition of Translation in India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">]. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 286\u2013298. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7880\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7880<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago 17th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kaur, Harjinder. &#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Tradition of Translation in India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">).&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 4, no. 4 (2025): 286\u2013298. doi:10.59231\/SARI7880.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA 9th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kaur, Harjinder. &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Tradition of Translation in India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">).&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 4, no. 4, 2025, pp. 286-98, doi:10.59231\/SARI7880.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-991390d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"991390d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32c6e56\" data-id=\"32c6e56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4005c5d elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4005c5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mendeley.com\/reference-management\/web-importer?utm_source=science_direct&#038;utm_campaign=web_importer_cross_sell\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-upload\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Add to Mendeley<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7baca41\" data-id=\"7baca41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b27d731 elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b27d731\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/download\/336._20251214\/336.%20%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%20%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i 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elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-orcid\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">ORCiD<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78c1276\" data-id=\"78c1276\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea79bf0 elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ea79bf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?sdm_process_download=1&#038;download_id=21270\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF     <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09cbd73\" data-id=\"09cbd73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-148591e elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"148591e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"sdm_download_count\"><span class=\"sdm_count_number\">102<\/span><span class=\"sdm_count_string\"> Downloads<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e874d05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e874d05\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31c5e7b\" data-id=\"31c5e7b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7a09f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3c7a09f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e49ead0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e49ead0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-809e407\" data-id=\"809e407\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f9682f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f9682f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6289b47\" data-id=\"6289b47\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c53f8b6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c53f8b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DOI: <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7880\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7880<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: Literature \/ Linguistics \/ History \/ Translation Studies \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \/ \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \/ \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \/ \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Page No 286-298<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-60cb3de\" data-id=\"60cb3de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fd6f0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17fd6f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Received: Aug 20, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Accepted: Sep 25, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Published: Oct 20, 2025<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b97f2b9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b97f2b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thematic Classification \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: Tradition of Translation, Ancient Indian Translation, Vedic and Upanishadic Period, Mughal Era Translations, Colonial Period Translation, Linguistic Exchange, Cultural Exchange, Intercultural Dialogue \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u0915\u093e\u0932, \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a8d6a94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a8d6a94\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a78c746\" data-id=\"a78c746\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad31c41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad31c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u0930\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71d602a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71d602a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0932\u0947\u0916:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928&#8217;, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f &#8216;\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u093e&#8217;\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926-\u0926\u0930-\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926, \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936-\u0926\u0930-\u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f-\u0926\u0930-\u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0940 \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940, \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u092c\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0917\u093e\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0936\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0925\u0940, \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u092c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 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\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0e86fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0e86fc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7618dc\" data-id=\"f7618dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48be3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc48be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Statements &amp; Declarations \/ \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4171f13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4171f13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>Peer-Review Method:<\/strong>This article underwent double-blind peer review by two external reviewers.\u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0921\u092c\u0932-\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930-\u0930\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>Competing Interests:<\/strong>The author\/s declare no competing interests.\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\/\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 (competing interests) \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>Funding:<\/strong>This research received no external funding.\u0907\u0938 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 (funding) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>Data Availability:<\/strong>Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>Licence:<\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e \u00a9 2025 by \u0939\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0930 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Published by ICERT.\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e \u00a9 2025 \u0939\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 ICERT \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e9823f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e9823f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8938d29\" data-id=\"8938d29\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d02515 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d02515\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df2d943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df2d943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0905\u092e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0913\u092e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092d\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940:\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932:\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0935\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0906\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0947: \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924-\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936, \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0938\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0928, 1999 l\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0938\u0941\u091c\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940: \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0917\u092e\u0948\u0928, \u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, 1994 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0938\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0938\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0930\u0940\u0936 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0940: \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926: \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928, \u0930\u0942\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091c,1999 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0938\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0938\u0928\u0947\u091f: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928: 1980 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928: \u0930\u0942\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091c, 1991 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u091c\u0947.\u092c\u0940.\u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947:\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924, \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0911\u092b \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u092a\u0943.335-340 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092c\u093f\u091c\u092f \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0938: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940: \u0905\u091f\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0915, 2008 l\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940: \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e: \u0926 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0936, \u092f\u0942.\u0915\u0947., \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f \u091c\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938, 2003, \u0930\u0947\u0935, \u090f\u0921. \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928, 2006 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0938\u0941\u091c\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940: \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0935\u0930\u0940: \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u090f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940,1981 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093e: \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f: \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u092b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f. \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928,\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0924\u0947\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928\u093e: \u0938\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928: \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926: \u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0917\u092e\u0948\u0928, 1955 l<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab0b48d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab0b48d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ced3047\" data-id=\"ced3047\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ea0da9 elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2ea0da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-vol-4-issue-4\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-04, Issue-04 (Oct-Dec 2025) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093e Tradition of Translation in India \u0915\u094c\u0930, \u0939\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0930\u00a0 Kaur, Harjinder \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0930, \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0911\u092b \u090f\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0930\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0905\u092e\u0943\u0924\u0938\u0930 (\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c) Assistant Professor, Khalsa College of Education, Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar Punjab Abstract [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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