{"id":21324,"date":"2025-12-12T10:22:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T10:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?p=21324"},"modified":"2026-02-19T16:17:06","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T10:47:06","slug":"domestic-violence-and-divorce-as-predictor-of-marital-apathy-among-female-undergraduates-in-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/2025\/12\/12\/domestic-violence-and-divorce-as-predictor-of-marital-apathy-among-female-undergraduates-in-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Domestic Violence And Divorce As Predictor Of Marital Apathy Among Female Undergraduates In Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21324\" class=\"elementor elementor-21324\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fa4f7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fa4f7b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aea8e7\" data-id=\"1aea8e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ec7db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22ec7db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-802b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"802b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-04, Issue-04 (Oct-Dec  2025)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5a9655 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5a9655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4167ff3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4167ff3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-909fcc6\" data-id=\"909fcc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f3fbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07f3fbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Domestic Violence And Divorce As Predictor Of Marital Apathy Among Female Undergraduates In Nigeria\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12c4ac6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12c4ac6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adeyemi, Joseph Kayode<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d5fc56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d5fc56\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aadeae7\" data-id=\"aadeae7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-189bcf7 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"189bcf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper vertical  elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-ca158ed69d0efd9b62ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ca158ed69d0efd9b62ff\" href=\"#Content-ca158ed69d0efd9b62ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ca158ed69d0efd9b62ff\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-file-alt elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Abstract<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-73d9415\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-73d941569d0efd9b62ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"about-author\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-73d941569d0efd9b62ff\" href=\"#Content-73d941569d0efd9b62ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-73d941569d0efd9b62ff\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-user elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> About Author<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e351830\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-e35183069d0efd9b62ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"impact-statement\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-e35183069d0efd9b62ff\" href=\"#Content-e35183069d0efd9b62ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-e35183069d0efd9b62ff\">\n                            <span class=\"fas fa-file-import elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Impact Statement<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-bb8dae569d0efd9b62ff-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"cite-this-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-bb8dae569d0efd9b62ff\" href=\"#Content-bb8dae569d0efd9b62ff\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-bb8dae569d0efd9b62ff\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-address-card elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Cite this Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed  active show\" id=\"content-ca158ed69d0efd9b62ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ca158ed69d0efd9b62ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study explored domestic violence and divorce as predictors of marital apathy among undergraduate females in Nigeria. It adopted a survey type research design. The study sample comprised 200 female undergraduates. Data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire named \u2018Divorce, Domestic Violence and Marital Apathy Questionnaire (DMAQ).\u2019 The findings uncovered a relationship between aggressive behavior and exposure to aggressive television programs. It demonstrated a predisposition to aggressive behavior during violent television viewing.\u00a0 The study concluded that domestic violence and divorce as predictor of marital apathy among female undergraduates in Nigeria. To mitigate the problem, the study recommended, among others that there should be a multi-faceted approach; including rehabilitation, educational programming and sensitization of both community and school environments. These programs, such as organized counselling sessions, will not only help reintegrate the perpetrators into society but will also help the survivors to deal with the distress caused by trauma.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Domestic violence, divorce, marital apathy, female, undergraduate.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-73d9415 \" id=\"content-73d941569d0efd9b62ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-73d941569d0efd9b62ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About Author<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mr. Joseph Kayode Adeyemi obtained his M.Ed in Guidance and Counselling from Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. He is currently on his Ph.D. in Counselling Psychology. He is a renowned scholar who has published in both local and international journals. At present, he teaches Guidance and Counselling Psychology\u00a0 at Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State. Mr. Adeyemi, to his credit, has attended a deluge of conferences where he had presented papers. His current research is assessment of Suicidal tendencies amongst undergraduates in Nigerian Universities. He is a member of many learned societies such as American Counseling Association (ACA), African Academics Network (AAN), Counselling Association of Nigeria (CASSON), Positive Psychology Association of Nigeria (POPAN), International Society for Policy Research and Evaluation in School-Based Counselling (ISPRESC). Association of Counsellors and Psychotherapist in Africa (ACPA)<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-e351830 \" id=\"content-e35183069d0efd9b62ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-e35183069d0efd9b62ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Impact Statement<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study provides crucial evidence on how domestic violence and divorce function as significant predictors of marital apathy among female undergraduates in Nigeria. By examining the psychological, social, and cultural factors shaping young women\u2019s perceptions of marriage, the research highlights the long-term impact of exposure to family instability and abuse. The findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers, counsellors, and institutions seeking to design effective support systems, preventive interventions, and awareness programs that address the roots of marital apathy. Ultimately, the study contributes to improving the well-being of young women, promoting healthy relationship attitudes, and strengthening broader efforts to combat gender-based violence in Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5 \" id=\"content-bb8dae569d0efd9b62ff\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-bb8dae569d0efd9b62ff-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA 7th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adeyemi, J. K. (2025). Domestic violence and divorce as predictor of marital apathy among female undergraduates in Nigeria. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 339\u2013349. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7884\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7884<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago 17th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adeyemi, Joseph Kayode. &#8220;Domestic Violence and Divorce As Predictor of Marital Apathy Among Female Undergraduates in Nigeria.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 4, no. 4 (2025): 339\u2013349. doi:10.59231\/SARI7884.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA 9th Style Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adeyemi, Joseph Kayode. &#8220;Domestic Violence and Divorce As Predictor of Marital Apathy Among Female Undergraduates in Nigeria.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari \u2013 An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 4, no. 4, 2025, pp. 339-49, doi:10.59231\/SARI7884.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"sdm_download_count\"><span class=\"sdm_count_number\">94<\/span><span class=\"sdm_count_string\"> Downloads<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d165cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d165cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41464fe\" data-id=\"41464fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f04304 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f04304\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-89fd6a2\" data-id=\"89fd6a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0787b8b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0787b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DOI: <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7884\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7884<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject: Guidance and Counselling \/ Psychology \/ Sociology<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Page No 339-349<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a230be\" data-id=\"9a230be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48815a6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48815a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Received: Aug 15, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Accepted: Sep 20, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Published: Oct 20, 2025<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bec085e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bec085e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thematic Classification: Domestic Violence, Divorce, Marital Apathy, Female Undergraduates, Nigeria, Aggressive Behavior, Trauma Rehabilitation, Marital Orientation<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5364ade elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5364ade\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ac0000\" data-id=\"8ac0000\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbb15ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbb15ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb03152 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb03152\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Marriage is popularly understood in sociology as the covenant between man and woman. The covenantal orientation supports a long-lasting and strong commitment because it stipulates mutual obligations and responsibilities of both sides. In this context, both spouses must develop and protect the purity of the marital relationship. As a result, spouses must participate consciously in the process of improving the internal disagreements and in overcoming the external influence that may disrupt the spousal union. Theologically, marriage acts as a God ordained institution whereby upon union of two individuals as a husband and a wife, they gain the right to intimate relations and the responsibility to give birth to legitimate children recognised by the wider community (Sarker, 2007; Gour, 2006). It can thus be seen as a social contract where one of the two in one sex is matched with another of the opposite sex in order to have companionship, procreate and to manage the family life.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">In spite of its fundamental importance, the modern marriage has had to face an overwhelming level of instability. Domestic violence, desertion by a spouse, legal break-up of a union, are the examples of the breakdown of the marital order. Divorce and marital breakdowns have turned out to be a prominent social phenomenon which often is the result of one or both partners failing to abide by covenant duties. According to observers, the fact that the rate of marital breakup is increasing is an indication of the wider social change.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">An increasing percentage of women are finding themselves spending a significant part of their lives as single-adult female household heads, which is why their long-term socio-economic consequences are once again under investigation (Marrying &amp; Gupta, 2009). In the African communities, cultural practices and interpersonal relationships are interlaced to offer determinants, effects and events that influence the length of marital relationships. Even though these variables continue to constitute communal fabric, current research has revealed that there has been an alarming decline in positive marital attitudes that may have far reaching effects (Borgatta &amp; Edgor, 2009).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Marriage may be analytically characterized as a lifelong legal and social condition to which couples of unequal sexes consent, and which produces a net of mutual duty and interdependency intended to create and maintain a home. The institution is regulated by ritual and statutory frameworks and it gives the partners a common legal status that overrides the previous individual identity of each of them in that they must commit to reproductive and social obligations that are publicly approved (Govs, 2006). In its essence, marriage can be referred to as a covenant where two people make a formal commitment to be together in solidarity forever and the commitment is officially ratified by the government.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The legal marriage introduces a functional limitation of rights and responsibilities that overrides the religious and the secular statutory laws. When a marriage has been declared broken and irreparable by a court of law, the legal separation is termed as a divorce (Amina 2008). In as much as the dissolution of marriage is legally stipulated, its societal consequences become more significant considering that the family unit is the basic unit of social organization. Out of control increase in the divorce would compromise the moral and institutional integrity of the society at large (Seimeniuk 2010).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Domestic violence, otherwise known as physical violence, partner violence, relational violence, or intra-familial violence, is described as a circular and systematic process of abusive behavior or coercive control that is inflicted by one relational partner on the other in an attempt to gain and maintain control within a marriage or cohabiting partnership. Intimate partners include spouses, dating partners, and a party to a domestic partnership.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Purposely violent or controlling behaviours can include monitoring medical or social appointments; limiting or monitoring the use of the telephone; forbidding of access to, or use of, personal transportation; making repeated intrusive telephone calls to a work place; forbidding the use of contraceptives; and verbal, physical or psychological attacks on partners, children, animals, friends or shared property. Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive control and physical abuse in an ongoing relationship, in which one partner repeatedly uses power to dominate and subordinate the other, and is commonly defined as marriage or cohabitation (Seimeniuk 2010).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Domestic violence has no demographic limits as it can affect both races, age, sexual orientation, religion, and gender, and it can be either physical, sexual, emotional, financial, and psychological (Office of Violence Against Women 2007). The phenomenon is conceptually associated with terms like spousal abuse, battering, and intimate partner violence; it entails systematic, coercive and harmful behaviours that one partner inflicts on the other in the context of an intimate relationship, most often, in marriage. The acts of physical aggression, including hitting and slapping, as well as biting, shoving, and using objects as projectiles, sexual coercion, emotional maltreatment, overt and covert control, intimidation, stalking, neglect, and economic subjugation are all encompassed by the operational definition (Seimeniuk 2010).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">These behaviours create long-term tension resulting in conflict cycles that often lead to marital breakup, separation, or the ultimate violence of homicide, often in the dyadic pattern of one partner killing the other. This trend is also indicated by statistical data in the mid-1990s where the United States Census reported an increase in divorce rates (1994), other studies reported an increase in single-parent households (Bledsoe 1993; Blankenhorn 2003) and the continued occurrence of wife battering (Olarinmoye 1998) in the present-day Yoruba society.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The modern social environment has made the fallout of divorce a social concern, escalating personal encroachment of the financial domains, spurring an increase in competition, and spreading other systemic strains. Onyia and Aniche (2002) listed an extensive list of factors that lead to the breakdown of marriage, such as infertility, poor intimacy, default of dowries, polygamous relationships, unending tribal gossip and factions, decreasing commitment, infidelity, communication gaps, desertion, drug addictions, inability to arbitrate fights, inconsistent types of abuse, disjointed personal and career goals, incompatible expectations of household and financial roles, unyielding intellectual inability, erratic mental stability, radical ideologies, and differences in faith, cultural In response to this collection, Linus (2012) proposed a more sympathetic view of the marital urgency of women, as he stated that social norms force early marriages and that the stigmatization of older women who are not married only increases the pressure to comply. Such conditions tend to force women into marriages that are bound together by vows and not by love and some women find the need to cut the courtship stage on the basis that omitting it simplifies the relationship. Where these phenomena meet, a number of poor families with dwindling resources and social capitals now have a disturbing readiness to bargain the destines of their daughters by letting dowry go in exchange of financial support, little educational investment or occasional financial remittances which previously were non-existent.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Imposing individuals into an unwanted and surprising marriage, the society sets up a stage where the marriage, by its very aspect, is beyond the control of the individuals; when the participants realize that the consent was not effective, the marriage is, as a matter of fact, doomed to fail, to the detriment of the children, whose growth and development are left to suffer the results of such an illegitimate marriage (Price &amp; McKeniy 2008).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Various global data sources merge on the fact that in some family systems, violence reaches acute and sustained expressions and that the behavior of children in these systems portrays the trauma caused by the violence. Domestic violence which is defined as abuse that takes place in marriage, courtship, kinship or cohabitation is simply a tool of power exercise and control by one partner over the other partner. It includes physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological acts, threats, and omissions. This behavior is included under this definition when it intimidates, manipulates, humiliates, isolates, frightens, coerces, blames or injures the victim. Domestic violence cuts across the lines of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, and gender, and thus it is a salient and dislocating trauma to any individual who is exposed to it (Siemienuk, Krentz, Gish, Gill 2010).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #222222; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Statement of the Problem <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Domestic violence and abuse are not limited to the physical manifestation of bodily harm and also include endangerment, criminal coercion, kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, trespass, and a range of harassment. Epidemiological and sociological studies have proved that social, racial, religious and economic classes perceive and experience domestic violence in stratified ways. In the United States, estimates show that 4.8 million women and 2.9 million men experience violence that is condoned in the marital or cohabiting structures. In many nations of the Global South, however, including Nigeria as part of the Western African region, the phenomenon takes endemic proportions. In most of these cultural systems, domestic violence is not only condoned but it is justified as a traditional right. In systematic surveys, one-third to two-thirds of women of reproductive age report having experienced physical, sexual, or psychological abuse, and the abuser is most often a spouse, intimate partner, or paternal figure. In addition, girls are often forced into early marriages and face death or serious physical punishment in case they tried to get out of the forced marital relationships.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Hypotheses<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">There is no significant contribution of domestic violence and divorce as the prediction of marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ondo State.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Domestic violence will not significantly correlates to marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institution in Ondo State.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Divorce will not significantly correlates to marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institution in Ondo State.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Design: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">For this study, the design chosen was descriptive in nature, employing a survey method, whereby a questionnaire was administered to collect information from a sample population to generalize findings for the entire population.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Participants and Sampling<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The population included all female undergraduate students from Ondo State. A sample population of two hundred female undergraduates was selected from all the universities in the state. Female undergraduates were selected using a stratified random sampling technique which ensured all respondents had an opportunity to be chosen for the study.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Instrument: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The research instrument was structured into two sections. Section A captures the demographic data of the respondents while Section B comprises twenty (20) items designed to gather information relevant to each research question formulated on a four-point Likert scale.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data Collection: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Result and Discussion<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Hypothesis One: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">There is no significant contribution of domestic violence and divorce as the prediction of marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ondo State\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">: Contribution of domestic violence and divorce as the prediction of marital apathy among female undergraduates.<\/span><\/p><p><b 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\" width=\"602\" height=\"99\" \/><\/span><\/b><\/p><p><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-79c77e49-7fff-e959-1b2f-587756e9bfd7\" style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 1 shows the results that indicate that r.cal = 0.820 z &gt; r.tab = 0.567 at 0.05 level of significance and this rejects the null hypothesis, that is, domestic violence and divorce are not predictors of marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ondo State. Therefore, the results show that there is a significant relationship between domestic violence and divorce as predictors of marital apathy among the above female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ondo State.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Hypothesis Two: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Divorce will not significantly correlate to marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institution in Ondo State<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 10pt 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 2: Divorce will not significantly correlate to marital apathy among female undergraduates in tertiary institution in Ondo State<\/span><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><br \/><span style=\"border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 602px; height: 87px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;\" 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\" width=\"602\" height=\"87\" \/><\/span><\/b><\/p><p><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">As indicated in table 2, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between divorce and marital apathy among the female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ondo State is rejected. The difference between the value of r.cal, 0.807, and r.tab, 0.567, has a significance level of 0.05. It can therefore be concluded that divorce and marital apathy are highly related among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ondo State.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Discussion of Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The literature review shows that in Ondo State, marital apathy among female undergraduates who are in tertiary institutions is greatly influenced by domestic violence and divorce. This conclusion is in line with Ganley (1989) who defines family violence as consisting of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and violence against property or pets. Any exposure to any form of family violence, whether intentional or not, has the potential to create life-threatening experiences, and create a sense of vulnerability, helplessness, and in the worst cases, utter terror. As a result, family violence often leads to divorce or breakage of affective bond in the family. This is supported by Okiki (2013) who notes that most families have been torn apart due to family violence either through legal divorce or personal separation.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Findings of the current research also show that there is a high relationship between domestic violence and marital apathy among female undergraduates in the Ondo State tertiary institutions. This observation is in line with the statement by Gate Way (2014) that domestic violence has long-term consequences, and their effect grows as the person ages and varies depending on the developmental stage. Children who witness domestic violence have higher risk factors of academic performance, attention, and cognitive functioning; weaknesses in verbal, motor, and executive-functioning tasks; and higher likelihood of developing pro-violence attitudes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Also, the statistics show that divorce has a salient effect on the degree of marital apathy among female undergraduates living in Ondo State. According to Graham Berman (1994), over half of the school-going children in shelters of victims of family violence exhibit clinical levels of anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder, and, unless the situation is addressed, such children are at increased risk of delinquency, failure in school or dropping out of school; they experience problems in relationships. Empirical findings indicate that children react to distress by withdrawal of behavior, mutism, regression into infantile behaviors (including over cuddling, abnormal consumption, or prolonged sleep), and, in older children, negative affect overtly.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d07a75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d07a75\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77c1fac\" data-id=\"77c1fac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f3a528 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f3a528\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc6f31a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc6f31a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The current study has the following conclusions, which are aligned with its research questions. Undergraduate women who have experienced domestic violence have significantly more school discipline violations, as well as significantly lower academic performance in mathematics and reading. These students have negative spillover effects on their peers that results in poor performance on standardized tests and increased discipline issues among their peers. The correlation between academic problems and violent experiences is well supported by the previous research with young children that proves the chronic abuse to be harmful to mental score results, language achievement, visual-motor coordination, and attention and memory operations. These mental consequences of violence and maltreatment are most vivid in the sphere of school integration and further academic performance.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Recommendations<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The existing literature proves that family violence is a common phenomenon. As a result, there is a need to sensitize and educate the society about family responsibility so as to reduce interpersonal aggression.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">There should be a multi-faceted approach; including rehabilitation, educational programming and sensitization of both community and school environments. These programs, such as organized counseling sessions, will not only help reintegrate the perpetrators into society but will also help the survivors to deal with the distress caused by trauma.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75209ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"75209ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e30584b\" data-id=\"e30584b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc450a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc450a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Statements &amp; Declarations<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51e9fa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51e9fa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Peer-Review Method:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This article underwent double-blind peer review by two external reviewers.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Competing Interests:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The author\/s declare no competing interests.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Funding:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This research received no external funding.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data Availability:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Licence:<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND DIVORCE AS PREDICTOR OF MARITAL APATHY AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES IN NIGERIA <\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u00a9 2025 by Joseph Kayode Adeyemi is licensed under\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">. Published by <\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ICERT<\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e95d9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e95d9b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16c8fe0\" data-id=\"16c8fe0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4717d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4717d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5017c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5017c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Alexander, R. (1988). The crimes (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">domestic violence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">) act (1987) law institute [Journal]. 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(eds) (2019),<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0Treatment of Domestic Violence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, John Wiley and Sons, New York.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Blanchard, A., Molloy, F., &amp; Brown, L. 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Bograd, sage, and\u00a0California<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Calvert, G. (1993). Preventing child abuse and neglect: The national strategy. In<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Battered Women and Their Families A. R. Roberts (Ed.), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">National child protection council and Canberra. Carlson, B.E. (1984)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, &#8216;Children&#8217;s <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">observations of inter-parental violence&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Springer.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Christopoulos, C., Cohn, D. A., Shaw, D. S., Joyce, S., Sullivan-Hanson, J., Kraft, S. P., &amp; Emery, R. E. (1987). Children <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">of<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">abused women: Adjustments at time of shelter residence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Marriage and the Family<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">49<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 611\u2013619. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/352206\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/352206<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Church, J. (1984). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Violence against wives: Its causes and effects<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. John Church (Publisher).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cummings, E. M. (1987). Coping with background anger in early childhood. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Child Development<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">58<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 976\u2013984. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01433.x\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01433.x<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cummings, E. M., Iannotti, R. J., &amp; Zahn-Waxler, C. (1985). Influence of conflict between adults on the emotions and aggression of young children. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Developmental Psychology<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">21<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 495\u2013507. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.21.3.495\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.21.3.495<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cummings, E. M., Zahn-Waxler, C., &amp; Radke-Yarrow, M. (1981). Young children\u2019s responses to expressions of anger and affection by others in the Domestic. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Child Development<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">52<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 1274\u20131282. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1129516\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1129516<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Davis, L. V., &amp; Carlson, B. E. (1987). Observation of spouse abuse: What happens to the children? <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Interpersonal Violence<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 278\u2013291. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088626087002003004\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088626087002003004<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DeLange, C. (1986). \u2018The Domestic place children\u2019s therapeutic program\u2019, Children\u2019s Today, pp. 12\u201315. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dobash, R.E. and Dobash, R (1979) violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Free Press.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Rinku, R. (2024). Israel-Hamas conflict and humanity. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">03<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(02), 167\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/sari7694<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Yadav, M. (2023). Rehabilitation through dance therapy. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">02<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 60\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/sari7624<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Domestic Violence Resource Centre. (2018). Preventing abuse in relationships, Brisbane. Duncan (1984), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#8216;The nature and antecedents of violent events&#8217;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">British Journal of Criminology<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">24<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 269\u2013288.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dutton, M. A. (2018). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Post-traumatic therapy with Domestic violence survivors<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Women\u2019s response to battering: Assessment and intervention. In M. B. Williams &amp; J. F. Sommer (Eds.), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Handbook of post-traumatic therapy<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">New York: Springer<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Dutton, M.A. (pp. 146\u2013161). Greenwood Press.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Easteal, P. W. (2018). Violence against women in the home. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Domestic Matters<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, (37, April), 86\u201393. Forsstrom-Cohen, B., &amp; Rosenbaum, A. (1985). The effects of parental marital violence on young adults: An exploratory investigation. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Marriage and the Family<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">47<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), May, 467\u2013472. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/352145\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/352145<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Graham-Bermann, S. (2018). Preventing domestic violence. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">University of Michigan research information index<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">UM-Research-WEB@umich.edu<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Hart, S. N., &amp; Brassard, M. R. (1987). A major threat to children\u2019s mental health: Psychological maltreatment. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The American Psychologist<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">42<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 160\u2013165. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0003-066x.42.2.160\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0003-066x.42.2.160<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kumar, S., &amp; Simran, S. (2024). Psychological impact of physical distancing due to covid 19 pandemic on school and higher education students. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">02<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 101\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/edumania\/9076<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Olasedidun, O. K., Bola, O. O., &amp; Falade, A. A. (2023b). South-western Nigerian University Students\u2019 Gender Use of Mobile Technologies for Learning. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">02<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(04), 4\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/sari7620<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Hess, R. D., &amp; Camara, K. A. (1979). Post-divorce: Domestic relationships as mediating factors in the consequences of divorce for children. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Social Issues<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">35<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 79\u201396. Hetherington, E.M. and Anderson, E.R.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a924c70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a924c70\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcf726d\" data-id=\"dcf726d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d6060f elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0d6060f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-vol-4-issue-4\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-04, Issue-04 (Oct-Dec 2025) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376 Domestic Violence And Divorce As Predictor Of Marital Apathy Among Female Undergraduates In Nigeria Adeyemi, Joseph Kayode Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State Abstract About Author Impact [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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