{"id":24073,"date":"2026-01-19T03:01:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T03:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?p=24073"},"modified":"2026-02-17T17:25:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T11:55:12","slug":"perception-of-social-justice-leadership-and-its-impact-on-student-faculty-relationships-in-southwest-nigerian-universities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/2026\/01\/19\/perception-of-social-justice-leadership-and-its-impact-on-student-faculty-relationships-in-southwest-nigerian-universities\/","title":{"rendered":"Perception of Social Justice Leadership and its Impact on Student-Faculty Relationships in Southwest Nigerian Universities"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"24073\" class=\"elementor elementor-24073\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bc4df1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bc4df1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e629c9e\" data-id=\"e629c9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed1db1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ed1db1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ac542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4ac542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-05, Issue-01(Jan-Mar 2026)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b23dc99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b23dc99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d426e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d426e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf09b33\" data-id=\"cf09b33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbd7ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcbd7ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perception of Social Justice Leadership and its Impact on Student-Faculty Relationships in Southwest Nigerian Universities\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72de5a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72de5a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abiola, Oluwatayomi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Ouma, Caren<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">and Oduol, Truphena<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-3562\">0000-0002-3943-3562<\/a> and <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">3<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9326-216X\">0000-0002-9326-216X<\/a>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pan African Christian University, Nairobi, Kenya<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2&amp;3<\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">United States International University- Africa<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-635e063 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"635e063\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d95e085\" data-id=\"d95e085\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb26580 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"bb26580\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper vertical  elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-ca158ed69db8e1a64fb3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ca158ed69db8e1a64fb3\" href=\"#Content-ca158ed69db8e1a64fb3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ca158ed69db8e1a64fb3\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-file-alt elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Abstract<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-62e3348\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-62e334869db8e1a64fb3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"about-author\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-62e334869db8e1a64fb3\" href=\"#Content-62e334869db8e1a64fb3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-62e334869db8e1a64fb3\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-user elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> About Author<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e351830\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-e35183069db8e1a64fb3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"impact-statement\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-e35183069db8e1a64fb3\" href=\"#Content-e35183069db8e1a64fb3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-e35183069db8e1a64fb3\">\n                            <span class=\"fas fa-file-import elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Impact Statement<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-bb8dae569db8e1a64fb3-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"cite-this-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-bb8dae569db8e1a64fb3\" href=\"#Content-bb8dae569db8e1a64fb3\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-bb8dae569db8e1a64fb3\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-address-card elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Cite this Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed  active show\" id=\"content-ca158ed69db8e1a64fb3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ca158ed69db8e1a64fb3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study examined the impact of social justice leadership on student\u2013faculty relationships among final-year students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.\u00a0 The research was informed by the following question: Social justice leadership was assessed through three indicators: equity, access to resources, and inclusivity, while student\u2013faculty relationships were measured using trust, engagement, and conflict resolution. Guided by a positivist philosophy, the study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design and date collected from 176 students using 200 questionnaires which was later analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical methods to test the relationship between the variables. The results indicated \u00a0 strong, statistically significant relationships between all three leadership indicators and the dimensions of student\u2013faculty relationships.\u00a0 A high perception of equity and fairness were attributed to increased trust and participation, while equitable access to resources improved engagement and confidence in institutional processes. Similarly, inclusivity within the learning environment enhanced students\u2019 sense of belonging and satisfaction with conflict resolution. These findings confirm that social justice leadership fosters cooperation, mutual respect, and ethical engagement in academic settings. The study recommends that higher education institutions embed fairness, accessibility, and inclusivity into leadership policies and professional development programs to strengthen student\u2013faculty interactions. While the study provides important insights, its single-site design limits generalizability. Future studies should include longitudinal and multi-institutional comparisons to explore how social justice leadership practices can be scaled across different educational contexts.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">: social justice leadership, educational leadership, organizational relationship<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-62e3348 \" id=\"content-62e334869db8e1a64fb3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-62e334869db8e1a64fb3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About Author<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Oluwatayomi Ajibade Abiola is an education minister and scholar whose work focuses on leadership, education, and organizational development in faith-based and higher education settings. He holds a Bachelor of Technology in Animal Production and Health from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, and earned both a Master of Divinity and a Master of Theology in Religious Education from the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership at Pan African Christian University, Kenya. Abiola serves as an education minister at the University Baptist Church, Ogbomoso, where he leads teaching, mentoring, and discipleship programs. His research interests include democratic and transformational leadership, social justice in education, cultural diversity, and faith-based leadership formation. He is passionate about promoting fairness, inclusion, and ethical leadership to support positive change in educational and religious organizations across Africa.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-e351830 \" id=\"content-e35183069db8e1a64fb3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-e35183069db8e1a64fb3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Impact Statement\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study provides practical and theoretical insights into how social justice leadership strengthens relationships between students and faculty in higher education. By showing that fairness, equitable access to resources, and inclusivity improve trust, engagement, and conflict resolution, the research highlights leadership practices that foster cooperation and belonging within the university community. The findings have practical value for administrators, faculty, and policymakers seeking to improve student experiences and institutional culture through equity-oriented leadership development. The study contributes to leadership theory by providing quantitative evidence that social justice principles have measurable effects on relational outcomes. It also encourages universities to embed fairness and inclusivity in daily decision-making to enhance collaboration, respect, and ethical engagement among students and staff.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5 \" id=\"content-bb8dae569db8e1a64fb3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-bb8dae569db8e1a64fb3-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Citation<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA 7th Style<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abiola, O., Ouma, C., &amp; Oduol, T. (2026). Perception of social justice leadership and its impact on student-faculty relationships in Southwest Nigerian universities. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(01), 72\u201393. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago 17th Style<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abiola, Oluwatayomi, Caren Ouma, and Truphena Oduol. &#8220;Perception of Social Justice Leadership and its Impact on Student-Faculty Relationships in Southwest Nigerian Universities.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 5, no. 1 (2026): 72\u201393. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA 9th Style<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abiola, Oluwatayomi, et al. &#8220;Perception of Social Justice Leadership and its Impact on Student-Faculty Relationships in Southwest Nigerian Universities.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 5, no. 1, 2026, pp. 72-93, <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30a02da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30a02da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15152d5\" data-id=\"15152d5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4042f6c elementor-align-justify elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4042f6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" 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elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"fd455cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"sdm_download_count\"><span class=\"sdm_count_number\">70<\/span><span class=\"sdm_count_string\"> Downloads<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de7f9df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de7f9df\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9bdb4e9\" data-id=\"9bdb4e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dacf9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dacf9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad8ce12\" data-id=\"ad8ce12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f43107b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f43107b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DOI: <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7892<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Education Leadership \/ Higher Education \/ Social Science.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Page No. 72-93<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6210a73\" data-id=\"6210a73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebc7a2f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebc7a2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Received: Oct 25, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Accepted: Nov 30, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Published: Jan 01, 2026<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb44357 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb44357\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thematic Classification: Social Justice Leadership, Student-Faculty Relationships, Equity and Fairness, Higher Education Policies, Conflict Resolution, Institutional Trust, Inclusivity in Learning, Southwest Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4740189 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4740189\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b427661\" data-id=\"b427661\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e51b4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e51b4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7fafd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7fafd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Social justice has become an important focus in higher education leadership. It promotes fairness, inclusion, and equal opportunity as key principles that sustain healthy learning environments. Around the world, institutions are being challenged to address inequities that exclude or disadvantage certain groups of students. Okhremtchouk et al. (2021) observed that inequalities in access, participation, and decision-making continue to shape higher education, especially where leadership practices do not intentionally promote justice and fairness. When leaders act with equity and transparency, they strengthen trust, inclusion, and ethical engagement within their institutions (Ramlackhan &amp; Catania, 2022).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Student\u2013faculty relationships reflect how leadership values are experienced in daily academic life. Healthy relationships built on trust, fairness, and open communication improve motivation, engagement, and collaboration. In contrast, poor relationships can create misunderstanding and alienation between students and lecturers. Studies have shown that social justice leadership can help reduce conflict and promotes respect between students and staff (Childress, 2020; Gautam et al., 2024; Shapiro &amp; Little, 2020). When leadership emphasizes fairness and equality, it shapes a relational culture that supports learning and belonging.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Despite the increasing attention to social justice in higher education, few empirical studies have examined how it influences student\u2013faculty relationships. Most existing research is conceptual or qualitative and does not measure how leadership indicators such as equity, access to resources, and inclusivity relate to students\u2019 perceptions of trust, engagement, and conflict resolution (Peel &amp; Shirley, 2023; Ramlackhan &amp; Catania, 2022). This lack of quantitative evidence limits understanding of how leadership values translate into relational outcomes. This research addresses that gap by examining how students perceive social justice leadership and how these perceptions affect their relationships with faculty in Southwest Nigerian universities. The research focuses on three main indicators of social justice: equity, access to resources, and inclusive learning environment and their influence on trust, engagement, and conflict resolution. The study is based on data from final-year students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), who have significant experience interacting with faculty. By focusing on how leadership values shape relationships, this research contributes evidence on how fairness, inclusion, and access can strengthen cooperation and respect between students and lecturers in Nigerian higher education.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Literature Review<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Social justice leadership has become a central concept in higher education as institutions strive to promote fairness, inclusion, and equity in academic environments. It provides a framework for addressing structural inequalities that often limit access, participation, and recognition for marginalized groups. Bogotch (2024) argued that educational leadership should move beyond narrow administrative roles to embrace practices that advance social justice and serve the public good. McNae and Barnard (2021) described socially just leaders as moral actors who cultivate collaboration, empathy, and care in their institutions. Their work emphasized that justice-oriented leadership not only reformulates policy but also influences everyday interactions that affirm human dignity and belonging. Similarly, Okhremtchouk et al. (2021) explained that inequities persist in higher education because institutional structures continue to favor dominant groups. They called for leadership practices that promote equity through recognition, participation, and redistribution of power. These perspectives highlight that social justice leadership combines ethical commitment with practical strategies that align leadership behavior with fairness and inclusion.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The idea of social justice leadership is often analyzed through three key dimensions: equity, access to resources, and inclusion. Each dimension contributes to creating a learning environment where all members have equal opportunities to succeed. Equity involves fairness in treatment, opportunities, and outcomes. Access concerns the fair distribution of institutional support, learning materials, and development opportunities. Inclusion focuses on building a culture that values diversity, fosters belonging, and eliminates discrimination. Burns and Flynn (2020) stated that inclusion is a continuous process that requires constant reflection on how individuals and groups are treated within institutions. Ramlackhan and Catania (2022) found that when equity and inclusion principles are integrated into leadership preparation programs, they foster creative, socially responsive practices. Smith and Duckworth (2020) also linked socially just leadership to community-oriented success, arguing that education should reflect shared values of justice and participation. Museus et al. (2023), through the SALT model, showed that leadership development grounded in social action helps individuals recognize privilege, power, and identity, which are critical for dismantling systemic inequalities. Together, these studies demonstrate that equity, access, and inclusion are interconnected dimensions that define how social justice leadership is enacted in educational institutions.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Leadership practices that promote social justice have a direct effect on the quality of relationships within higher education institutions. The relationship between students and faculty is one of the most visible indicators of institutional fairness and justice. Childress (2020) found that socially responsible leadership that emphasizes justice and care fosters mutual respect and empathy between students and faculty. Gautam et al. (2024) showed that equitable communication, fair distribution of resources, and transparent administrative practices enhance student engagement and strengthen trust in higher education. These findings are supported by Sandoval-Lucero et al. (2021), who observed that experiential leadership models that prioritize social justice improve cooperation and reduce relational barriers in community colleges. Evans (2021) further emphasized that justice-centered leadership supports healthier institutional climates, especially for underrepresented and minority groups. Shapiro and Little (2020) also demonstrated that participatory and inclusive leadership practices improve collaboration and mutual understanding between academic staff and students. Collectively, these studies show that when leadership is based on fairness and inclusion, it fosters relationships built on trust, engagement, and respect.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">In addition to relational benefits, social justice leadership contributes to ethical engagement and civic responsibility among students. Kiram et al. (2024) found that leadership training programs that integrate equity and ethics enhance the moral development of future leaders. Morrison and Bramley (2022) also highlighted that when students experience fairness and inclusivity, they are more likely to participate actively in academic and community life. Similarly, Tambascia (2021) stressed that embedding social justice in leadership encourages reflective and value-driven action among both faculty and students. These findings indicate that leadership practices rooted in justice do not only promote equality but also shape positive academic identities and institutional loyalty.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">However, despite growing interest in social justice leadership, there remains a lack of quantitative evidence examining how its principles translate into measurable outcomes such as student\u2013faculty trust, engagement, and conflict resolution. Peel and Shirley (2023) argued that while many discussions on equity and justice exist at the policy level, few studies have examined their concrete effects on institutional relationships. Ramlackhan and Catania (2022) noted that while inclusive pedagogy has been conceptually well-developed, empirical studies on its relational impact are still limited. Wade et al. (2019) also emphasized the need for leadership that advances inclusion and equity through evidence-based practices rather than rhetoric. Crandall, Ardoin, and Shinn (2022) supported this by showing that social justice principles in student affairs can be strengthened through data-driven evaluation of leadership practices. In the same way, equitable access to learning and mentorship opportunities has been shown to enhance trust and reduces alienation among students (Eadens et al., 2020; Jung, 2022). Together, these studies reveal that there is a growing awareness of the importance of social justice leadership, but a shortage of research linking students\u2019 perceptions of leaders\u2019 social justice practice to specific relational outcomes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The literature therefore suggests that leadership grounded in social justice creates environments where fairness, accessibility, and inclusivity strengthen cooperation between students and faculty. It also suggests that institutions that promote equitable practices experience higher levels of trust and engagement, and fewer conflicts. Yet, the limited availability of quantitative data means that the strength and direction of these relationships remain unclear. This research contributes to bridging this gap by providing empirical evidence on how perceptions of social justice leadership\u2014through equity, access to resources, and inclusive learning environment influence the quality of student\u2013faculty relationships in Nigerian universities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Methodology<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study was guided by Rawls\u2019 Theory of Justice (1971) and the Transformative Leadership Theory (Shields, 2010). Rawls\u2019 theory emphasizes fairness as the foundation of justice and argues that equitable access to opportunities is essential for a just society. Transformative Leadership Theory highlights moral purpose, equity, and inclusion as core elements of educational leadership. The study adopted a positivist research philosophy, which assumes that social realities can be measured objectively using empirical data. Although perceptions are often studied qualitatively, a quantitative approach was chosen to provide measurable evidence of the relationships between social justice leadership indicators and aspects of student\u2013faculty relationships. This design made it possible to statistically determine whether perceptions of equity, access, and inclusivity are significantly associated with trust, engagement, and conflict resolution among students.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used because it allows for the collection of data from a large group of participants at a single point in time. This approach helps identify patterns and relationships between variables without manipulating any conditions (Maalouf, 2023). The study population consisted of final-year undergraduate students at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. These students were selected because they have extensive experience with the university environment and faculty interactions. A total of 176 respondents participated in the study, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure equal representation across different faculties.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher based on existing literature on social justice leadership and student\u2013faculty relationships. The questionnaire was divided into two sections. The first section collected demographic information, while the second measured perceptions of three social justice leadership indicators: equity, access to resources, and inclusive learning environment, and three relationship indicators: trust, engagement, and conflict resolution. A five-point Likert scale ranging from \u201cstrongly disagree\u201d (1) to \u201cstrongly agree\u201d (5) was used to capture responses. The instrument was validated by two experts in educational research, and a pilot test was conducted with a small group of students outside the sample to confirm reliability and clarity.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and general response patterns. Inferential analysis using the Chi-square test of independence was then conducted to determine whether statistically significant relationships existed between the independent variables (equity, access, and inclusivity) and the dependent variables (trust, engagement, and conflict resolution). The significance level was set at p &lt; .05, indicating that any relationship observed had less than a 5% probability of occurring by chance (Khan et al., 2023). This test was chosen because both variables were measured at categorical levels.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ethical considerations were observed throughout the study. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of LAUTECH, following the institution\u2019s guidelines on research involving human participants. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were assured of their right to withdraw at any stage without penalty. No personal identifiers were collected, and all responses were kept anonymous and stored securely. The study ensured that participation was voluntary and that all procedures complied with ethical standards for educational research (Ali et al., 2021).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Out of 200 questionnaires distributed, 176 were returned, giving a response rate of 88 percent. Table 1 shows the demographic profile of respondents. Most participants were between 20 and 25 years of age, with almost equal representation of male and female students from all faculties.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of Respondents (N = 176)<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"center\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"162\" \/><col width=\"216\" \/><col width=\"108\" \/><col width=\"120\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Variable<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Category<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frequency<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Percentage (%)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gender<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Male<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">90<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">51.1<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Female<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">86<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">48.9<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Age<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">18 \u2013 20 years<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">34<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">19.3<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">21 \u2013 25 years<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">107<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">60.8<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">26 years and above<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">35<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">19.9<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Faculty<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Engineering<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">46<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">26.1<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pure and Applied Sciences<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">44<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25.0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Management Sciences<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">41<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">23.3<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Agricultural Sciences<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">45<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25.6<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Perception of Social Justice Leadership<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The independent variable, Perception of Social Justice Leadership was designed to show how students viewed their lecturers\u2019 leadership practices in promoting fairness, equality, and inclusion within the university environment. It reflects the extent to which students believe that lecturers uphold the principles of social justice in their daily academic interactions. The variable was divided into three sub-variables: equity which focused on fairness in treatment, grading, and the application of class policies, access to<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">resources which assessed how fairly lecturers provide academic support, materials, and opportunities to all students, and inclusive learning environment which measured how lecturers create an atmosphere where all students feel respected, represented, and supported regardless of background. The results for each sub-variables are shown in table 2 below Table 2: Perception of Social Justice Leadership<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"450\" \/><col width=\"48\" \/><col width=\"66\" \/><col width=\"60\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 16.6pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-variable \/ Item<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">N<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Std. D<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1. Lecturers treat all students fairly, regardless of their background.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.23<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2. Grading and assessment methods used by lecturers are fair to students with different learning needs.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.20<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.18<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3. Lecturers encourage all students to participate in class discussions, not just a select few.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.82<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4. Lecturers hold all students to the same academic expectations without favoritism.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.38<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.23<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">5. Class policies such as attendance, deadlines, and discipline are applied consistently to all students.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.75<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.17<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-variable Aggregate (Equity)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.46<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.19<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">6. Lecturers ensure that all students have access to necessary learning materials regardless of financial limitations.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.06<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.35<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">7. Lecturers provide guidance on academic resources such as tutoring, scholarships, or support programs.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.18<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">8. Lecturers are willing to offer flexible support (e.g., office hours, extra help) to students facing personal or financial challenges.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.95<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.17<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">9. Students from all backgrounds have equal access to research opportunities, internships, and academic projects.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.60<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">10. Lecturers consider students\u2019 different learning styles and needs when designing their courses and materials.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.93<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.18<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-Variable Aggregate (Access to Resources)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.20<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">11. Lecturers create a classroom environment where students of all backgrounds feel valued and respected.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.70<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.04<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12. Lecturers include diverse perspectives and examples in their teaching materials.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.75<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.07<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">13. Lecturers address issues of discrimination or bias when they arise in class.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.53<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.01<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">14. Lecturers are open to feedback from students about making the classroom more inclusive.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.22<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">15. Lecturers encourage collaboration and group work that promotes understanding among students.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.91<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.98<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-variable Aggregate (Inclusivity)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.61<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.06<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall, students showed moderately positive perceptions across all three dimensions, with mean scores above the midpoint of 3.00 on a 5-point Likert scale. Among the equity items, the highest mean was recorded for the statement \u201cLecturers encourage all students to participate in class discussions, not just a select few\u201d (M = 3.82, SD = 1.14). This indicates that most students agreed that their lecturers promote equal participation. Similarly, \u201cClass policies such as attendance, deadlines, and discipline are applied consistently to all students\u201d also scored high (M = 3.75, SD = 1.17), suggesting that fairness in classroom management is generally observed. On the other hand, items such as \u201cLecturers treat all students fairly regardless of their background\u201d (M = 3.16, SD = 1.23) and \u201cGrading and assessment methods are fair to students with different learning needs\u201d (M = 3.20, SD = 1.18) had lower means, showing that while fairness is recognized, some students still perceive room for improvement in the consistency of evaluation and treatment. The aggregate mean for the equity sub-variable was 3.46, which reflects a generally fair but not perfect perception of equitable leadership.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Under access to resources, students\u2019 responses were more varied. The highest-rated item was \u201cStudents from all backgrounds have equal access to research opportunities, internships, and academic projects\u201d (M = 3.60, SD = 1.14), showing that many students feel included in academic opportunities. Conversely, \u201cLecturers are willing to offer flexible support to students facing personal or financial challenges\u201d (M = 2.95, SD = 1.17) and \u201cLecturers consider students\u2019 different learning styles and needs when designing their courses\u201d (M = 2.93, SD = 1.18) were rated lower, suggesting that flexibility and individual learning support are not consistently provided. The aggregate mean for this dimension was 3.14, indicating a moderate perception of fairness in access to resources and support systems.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">For inclusive learning environment, perceptions were more positive overall. The highest mean was for \u201cLecturers encourage collaboration and group work that promotes understanding among students from different backgrounds\u201d (M = 3.91, SD = 0.98), showing strong agreement that inclusive collaboration is practiced. Items such as \u201cLecturers include diverse perspectives and examples in their teaching materials\u201d (M = 3.75, SD = 1.07) and \u201cLecturers create classroom environments where students of all backgrounds feel valued and respected\u201d (M = 3.70, SD = 1.04) also scored highly, confirming that students recognize inclusivity in classroom interaction. However, \u201cLecturers are open to feedback from students about how to make the classroom more inclusive\u201d (M = 3.14, SD = 1.22) scored moderately, suggesting that inclusivity could be improved through more open dialogue. The aggregate mean for inclusivity was 3.61, the highest among the three sub-variables, indicating that inclusivity is perceived more positively than equity and access. These results show that students perceive their lecturers as fairly equitable, somewhat supportive in providing access, and generally inclusive in classroom relationships. The overall pattern suggests that while fairness and inclusion are recognized strengths, consistent resource support and responsiveness to feedback require more attention<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Student\u2013Faculty Relationship<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The dependent variable, Student\u2013Faculty Relationship, measured how students rated the quality of their interactions and relationships with lecturers. It reflects the degree of trust, cooperation, and mutual respect that exists between students and faculty members within the university. This variable was divided into three sub-variables: trust, which measured students\u2019 confidence in their lecturers\u2019 fairness, honesty, and reliability; engagement, which assessed how well lecturers encourage participation and create interest in academic activities; and conflict resolution and inclusive practice, which examined how lecturers handle disagreements, promote fairness, and maintain a supportive and inclusive classroom environment. The results for each of these sub-variables are presented in Table 3 below.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 3: Student\u2013Faculty Relationship<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"450\" \/><col width=\"54\" \/><col width=\"54\" \/><col width=\"66\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-variable \/ Item<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">N<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Std. D<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16. I feel that my lecturers genuinely care about my academic success and well-being.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.54<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.06<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">17. My lecturers provide honest and constructive feedback that helps me improve.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.29<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.07<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">18. I can rely on my lecturers to be fair and impartial in their treatment of students.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.13<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.10<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">19. I trust my lecturers to act in the best interest of all students, regardless of background.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.49<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.97<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">20. When I seek academic guidance, my professors are supportive and transparent.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.61<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.96<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-Aggregate (Trust)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.41<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.03<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">21. My lecturers encourage active participation in class discussions and academic activities.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.01<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.88<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">22. I feel comfortable approaching my lecturers for academic or career-related guidance.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.33<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.13<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">23. Lecturers create opportunities for students to engage in research or extracurricular projects.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.72<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.06<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">24. My lecturers acknowledge and value students\u2019 contributions during lectures.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.90<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.88<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25. I feel motivated to participate in academic activities because of my lecturers\u2019 support.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.39<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.03<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sub-variable Aggregate (Engagement)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.67<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.00<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">26. Lecturers create classrooms where all students feel valued and respected.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.73<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.95<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">27. Lecturers include diverse perspectives and examples in their materials.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.79<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">0.93<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">28. Lecturers address bias and discrimination during class interactions.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.51<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.06<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">29. Lecturers are open to feedback from students about inclusivity.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.25<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.15<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">30. Lecturers encourage collaboration and group work that promotes understanding.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">176<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.86<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.02<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Aggregate (Conflict Resolution)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.63<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">1.02<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">For trust, the overall average (M = 3.41, SD = 1.03) indicates that students mostly trust their lecturers, but not very strongly. The highest score was for \u201cWhen I seek academic guidance, my professors are supportive and transparent\u201d (M = 3.61, SD = 0.96). The small SD means most students agreed. The item \u201cI trust my lecturers to act in the best interest of all students\u201d (M = 3.49, SD = 0.97) also shows generally positive views. In contrast, \u201cI can rely on my lecturers to be fair and impartial\u201d (M = 3.13, SD = 1.10) had a higher SD, showing that some students doubted the consistency of fairness. This variation suggests that while many students trust their lecturers, a smaller group may have experienced bias or unequal treatment.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">For engagement, the mean values were the highest of all three sub-variables (M = 3.67, SD = 1.00). The top-rated item was \u201cMy lecturers encourage active participation in class\u201d (M = 4.01, SD = 0.88), showing strong agreement and little variation. This means that almost all students feel encouraged to participate. Other items, such as \u201cMy lecturers acknowledge and value students\u2019 contributions\u201d (M = 3.90, SD = 0.88) and \u201cLecturers create opportunities for students to engage in projects\u201d (M = 3.72, SD = 1.06), were also rated highly, with moderate SDs showing mostly shared opinions. A few items, such as \u201cI feel comfortable approaching lecturers for academic guidance\u201d (M = 3.33, SD = 1.13), had lower means and larger SDs, suggesting that while most students find lecturers approachable, some still feel hesitant.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The conflict resolution and inclusive practice sub-variable also recorded strong averages (M = 3.63, SD = 1.02). The item \u201cLecturers encourage collaboration and group work that promotes understanding\u201d had a mean of 3.86 (SD = 1.02), showing wide agreement that group interaction is handled well. Similarly, \u201cLecturers include diverse perspectives in materials\u201d (M = 3.79, SD = 0.93) and \u201cLecturers create classrooms where all students feel valued\u201d (M = 3.73, SD = 0.95) showed high means and low SDs, meaning consistent agreement among students. However, the item \u201cLecturers are open to feedback from students about inclusivity\u201d (M = 3.25, SD = 1.15) had a higher SD, showing that while many students agreed, others felt that lecturers were not always open to such feedback.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Looking across all three relationship areas, engagement recorded the highest mean (3.67), followed closely by conflict resolution (3.63) and trust (3.41). The lower SDs in engagement items show that most students had similar positive experiences with class participation, while the slightly higher SDs in trust items show that experiences of fairness and dependability vary more among students.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Perception of Social Justice Leadership and Student\u2013Faculty Relationship<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The relationship between students\u2019 Perception of Social Justice Leadership (the independent variable) and Student\u2013Faculty Relationship (the dependent variable) was tested using the Chi-square test of association. The Chi-square test compares the observed responses from students with the responses that would be expected if no relationship existed. A significant result shows that the association between the two variables did not occur by chance.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The test was carried out for each of the three sub-variables of social justice leadership: equity, access to resources, and inclusivity, against the three dimensions of student\u2013faculty relationship, which are trust, engagement, and conflict resolution and inclusive practice. The combined results are presented in Table 4 below.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 4: Relationship between Perception of Social Justice Leadership and Student-Faculty Interaction<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"162\" \/><col width=\"150\" \/><col width=\"72\" \/><col width=\"60\" \/><col width=\"79\" \/><col width=\"101\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Predictor Variable<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Outcome Variable<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u03c7\u00b2<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">df<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p-value<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strength of Relationship<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Equity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Trust<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">121.49<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Equity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Engagement<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">115.98<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Equity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conflict Resolution<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">97.81<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Access to Resources<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Trust<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">165.87<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Access to Resources<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Engagement<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">109.15<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Access to Resources<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conflict Resolution<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">140.34<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Inclusivity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Trust<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">281.63<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Inclusivity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Engagement<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">206.96<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Inclusivity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conflict Resolution<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">257.57<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&lt; .001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 1pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strong<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The Chi-square results in Table 4 show that there were strong and statistically significant relationships between students\u2019 perceptions of social justice leadership and their relationships with lecturers across all dimensions. In every case, the p-value was less than .001, which means that the likelihood of these associations occurring by chance is extremely small. The results for equity show a clear pattern. High Chi-square values and strong significance were found between equity and trust (\u03c7\u00b2 = 121.49, p &lt; .001), equity and engagement (\u03c7\u00b2 = 115.98, p &lt; .001), and equity and conflict resolution (\u03c7\u00b2 = 97.81, p &lt; .001). This means that students who believed that lecturers were fair in grading, class rules, and treatment of students also reported stronger trust, greater participation, and more satisfaction with how conflicts were managed. These results support the descriptive findings, which showed that perceptions of fairness contribute to confidence and cooperation between students and lecturers.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">For access to resources, all relationships were also significant at p &lt; .001. The strongest association was between access and trust (\u03c7\u00b2 = 165.87, p &lt; .001). This suggests that when students felt they had equal access to materials, opportunities, and support, they were more likely to trust their lecturers and the institution. The significant association between access and engagement (\u03c7\u00b2 = 109.15, p &lt; .001) indicates that fair access motivates students to take part actively in academic activities. The link between access and conflict resolution (\u03c7\u00b2 = 140.34, p &lt; .001) shows that students who feel supported are more satisfied with how problems are handled. Together, these findings point to the importance of resource fairness in building both trust and engagement.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The inclusive learning environment sub-variable produced the highest Chi-square values of all. The relationships between inclusivity and trust (\u03c7\u00b2 = 281.63, p &lt; .001), inclusivity and engagement (\u03c7\u00b2 = 206.96, p &lt; .001), and inclusivity and conflict resolution (\u03c7\u00b2 = 257.57, p &lt; .001) were all very strong. This shows that students who perceived their classrooms as inclusive, where everyone is respected, differences are valued, and participation is encouraged, were far more likely to report positive relationships with lecturers. The strength of these results suggests that inclusive learning environment has the greatest influence among the three leadership dimensions. These findings reinforce the descriptive results and confirm that social justice leadership contributes meaningfully to positive relationships in higher education.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Discussion of Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The findings on students\u2019 perception of social justice leadership showed that lecturers were generally rated positively on fairness, inclusivity, and provision of resources. Items related to fairness in grading, equal class participation, and consistent enforcement of rules recorded the highest mean scores, showing that most students perceived lecturers as fair and impartial. Items with higher standard deviations, such as those concerning flexibility in supporting students facing challenges, indicate more diverse opinions some students may experience strong support while others may not. These findings support the argument that fairness and equity in academic leadership strengthen trust and engagement among students. Similar results were reported by Okhremtchouk et al. (2021), who found that institutional commitment to equity and fairness enhances students\u2019 sense of belonging and participation. Likewise, research by Karakose et al. (2023) revealed that social justice leadership is strongly associated with improved well-being and inclusion for marginalized groups in educational settings. The results also align with Kavrayici (2024), who found that leadership practices centered on care, support, and a positive climate foster equitable learning experiences for all students. However, the moderate mean scores on access to academic resources suggest that inequalities in resource availability still exist. Similar challenges were identified by Kawooya et al. (2023), who observed that inequitable access to learning materials continues to disadvantage certain student groups. Overall, these results confirm that perceptions of fairness and inclusion are central to students\u2019 evaluation of leadership. They support the growing recognition that higher education leaders must prioritize justice-oriented values to create equitable academic environments (Menon &amp; Motala, 2021).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The descriptive results for the student\u2013faculty relationship variable show generally positive perceptions of trust, engagement, and conflict resolution. Items such as \u201clecturers act in the best interests of students\u201d and \u201clecturers encourage active participation\u201d scored highly, suggesting that most students feel respected and supported. However, items measuring approachability and feedback had higher standard deviations, indicating that while many students felt comfortable with their lecturers, others experienced limited openness or inconsistent feedback. These findings align with Cook-Sather et al. (2025), who emphasized that equitable and inclusive student\u2013faculty partnerships improve mutual respect and communication in higher education. Similarly, Reinholz et al. (2019) found that student\u2013faculty collaboration grounded in equity and shared responsibility promotes stronger academic identities and relational trust. Furthermore, the emphasis on engagement and inclusivity corresponds with Peel and Shirley (2023).) framework, which argues that equity-oriented leadership should be integrated across all levels of higher education decision-making. The positive relationships identified here suggest that when faculty adopt inclusive teaching and communication practices, student participation and satisfaction increase significantly.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">However, the variation in feedback and guidance scores suggests a need for more consistent mentoring and accessibility. Similar disparities were observed by Abrams et al. (2021), who found that student engagement depends strongly on whether instructors demonstrate inclusivity and active allyship in learning environments. This indicates that while general student\u2013faculty relationships are positive, individual differences in teaching approaches still affect how social justice values are experienced.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The Chi-square test results confirmed that students\u2019 perceptions of equity, access, and inclusivity were strongly and significantly associated with trust, engagement, and conflict resolution. These results provide quantitative evidence that social justice leadership practices have a real and measurable impact on how students relate to their lecturers.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This finding supports the longitudinal analysis by Karakose et al. (2023), who showed that the most developed aspect of social justice leadership research in recent years focuses on outcomes like equity and student well-being. Similarly, Kavrayici (2024) found that principals who apply fairness and inclusion in daily leadership decisions enhance both trust and collaboration among school communities. The strong association between inclusivity and relational outcomes in this study also supports findings from Jung (2022), who reported that diversity and inclusion initiatives improve campus belonging and communication among marginalized groups. In the same line, Menon and Motala (2021) demonstrated that institutions guided by social justice principles achieve stronger trust and engagement even during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from this study also echo Abdullah and Chaudhry (2018), who argued that social justice leadership transforms hierarchical education systems by bridging class and opportunity divides. However, while most studies emphasize leadership from the institutional perspective, this study extends the discussion by providing student-based quantitative evidence of how perceptions of fairness and inclusion predict positive academic relationships.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study examined how perceptions of social justice leadership relate to the quality of student\u2013faculty relationships in higher education. What stands out from the study is that when lecturers demonstrate fairness, provide equal access to academic resources, and create inclusive learning environments, students are more likely to trust them, participate actively, and view their interactions as respectful and supportive. The results show that perceptions of equity, access, and inclusivity are not abstract ideals but practical elements that shape the daily experiences of students within the university. An important conclusion is that leadership behavior in the classroom can either strengthen or weaken students\u2019 sense of belonging. The findings show that students respond positively to fairness and inclusion, suggesting that social justice leadership helps reduce alienation and inequality in higher education. Another interesting observation is that inclusivity appeared to have the strongest influence on student\u2013faculty relationships, showing that feeling valued and represented is central to how students experience learning. The study also highlights that while overall perceptions were positive, there were differences in how consistently students felt supported and guided. This means that universities must pay attention not only to broad institutional policies but also to the everyday practices of individual lecturers.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall, the study contributes evidence that social justice leadership can be a strong foundation for building trust, engagement, and collaboration in higher education. By linking leadership practices to relational outcomes, this study extends existing literature that calls for fairness and inclusion to be integrated into all aspects of teaching and learning.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Recommendations<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Based on these conclusions, several practical recommendations are proposed:<\/span><\/p><ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Promote fairness and transparency in academic practices<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Universities should ensure that grading systems, classroom policies, and opportunities for participation are transparent and consistently applied. Faculty members should receive regular training on equitable assessment and fair classroom management.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strengthen inclusive teaching practices<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Lecturers should intentionally include diverse examples, perspectives, and voices in their teaching materials. This helps students from all backgrounds feel represented and respected. Periodic reflection and feedback sessions can help lecturers identify areas where inclusivity can be improved.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Enhance access to academic resources and support. Institutions should develop systems that guarantee equal access to learning materials, research opportunities, and academic support regardless of students\u2019 social or financial background. Flexible mechanisms, such as office hours and mentorship programs, can provide targeted assistance to students who need it.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Encourage relationship-building between students and lecturers. Faculties should promote open communication, mentorship, and academic advising relationships that build mutual trust. This can include regular dialogue sessions, student\u2013faculty forums, and collaborative research or community projects.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Institutionalize social justice leadership training. Leadership development programs for faculty and administrators should include components on equity, access, and inclusion. Building awareness of how daily decisions affect fairness and belonging can improve the overall academic climate.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Support further research. Future studies could examine how social justice leadership practices influence academic performance, student retention, or well-being across different institutional contexts. A mixed-methods approach would also help capture the depth of students\u2019 experiences.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b35847e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b35847e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1355b7\" data-id=\"e1355b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7e7508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7e7508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Statements and Declarations\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d938f3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d938f3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Peer-Review Method:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> To maintain high academic standards, this article has undergone a double-blind peer-review process conducted by two independent subject matter experts. The reviewers were unaware of the authors&#8217; identities to ensure an unbiased evaluation of the research.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Competing Interests:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> The authors (Oluwatayomi Abiola, Caren Ouma, and Truphena Oduol) declare that they have no financial or non-financial competing interests that could have influenced the outcomes or interpretation of this study.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Funding:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This research project was carried out independently and did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data Availability:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study, focusing on leadership perceptions in Southwest Nigerian universities, are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, ensuring respondent confidentiality.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Licence:<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Perception of Social Justice Leadership and its Impact on Student-Faculty Relationships in Southwest Nigerian Universities<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> \u00a9 2026 by Abiola, O., Ouma, C., and Oduol, T. is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. This work is published by the International Council for Education Research and Training (ICERT).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ethics Approval:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This study involved human participants (students and faculty) and was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Pan African Christian University, Nairobi, and the United States International University-Africa. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and data was anonymized to protect individual identities.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cbf6aef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cbf6aef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e40cb3\" data-id=\"3e40cb3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56cd314 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56cd314\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f962b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f962b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abdullah, F., &amp; Kauser, S. (2022). Students\u2019 perspective on online learning during pandemic in higher education. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Quality and Quantity<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">57<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 2493\u20132505. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-022-01470-1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-022-01470-1<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abrams, L., Jayakumar, A., Sheppard, L., Kramer, A., &amp; Calbert, T. 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Empowering engineering students as allies through dedicated classroom instruction ASEE Virtual Annual Conference, ASEE 2021. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18260\/1-2--37027\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18260\/1-2&#8211;37027<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Azizullah Khan, M., &amp; Ullah, M. (2021). The effect of authentic leadership on employee performance: A moderating role of Islamic work ethics. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Humanities &amp; Social Sciences Reviews<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">9<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 219\u2013231. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18510\/hssr.2021.9223\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18510\/hssr.2021.9223<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Childress, J. 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An inquiry into developing college student socially responsible leadership: Ethics of justice and care in the midst of conflict and controversy. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Leadership Studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">14<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 45\u201359.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cook-Sather, A., Suresh, A., &amp; Nguyen, E. 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Developing an inclusive, student-led approach to scaling up the benefits of pedagogical partnership for social justice in higher education. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Social Sciences<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">14<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 79. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci14020079\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci14020079<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Crandall, R. 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Social justice in student affairs graduate programs: Exploring the perspectives of senior student affairs officers. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">59<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 134\u2013148. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19496591.2021.1997753\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19496591.2021.1997753<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eadens, D. 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Springer. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29553-0_108-1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-29553-0_108-1<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gautam, T. P., Adhikari, B. R., &amp; Lingden, B. (2024). The impact of administration practices on student engagement in Nepalese colleges. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Championing a new era of equity and inclusion for womxn of color leaders in predominantly white-led institutions (PWLI). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies, 3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 1\u201315, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">21<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), 233\u2013243.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Johansson, E., &amp; Forssten Seiser, A. (2024). Principals\u2019 professional learning as praxis-oriented change\u2014Leading digitalisation in preschool education. Educational leadership and social justice: 4.0. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research in Educational Administration and Leadership<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">9<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), 1\u201338. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30828\/real.1416955\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30828\/real.1416955<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kawooya, D. K., Robinson, E. P., Copeland, C., &amp; Fox, B. (2023). Equitable access for blind, visually impaired, and print-disabled (BVIPD) students in online learning. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Proceedings of the ALISE Annual Conference<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21900\/j.alise.2023.1346\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21900\/j.alise.2023.1346<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Khan, I., Asif, I., &amp; Hussain, I. (2023). Effectiveness of leadership training program of provincial institute of teacher education for higher secondary school heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pakistan Journal of Social Research<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 155\u2013165.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kiram, D. A. K., Kiram, M. M., Hadjibun, J. A., &amp; Taraji, M. (2024). Cultivating ethical leadership in public administration: Integrating social justice and equity into educational programs in Sulu, Philippines. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Enigma in Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), 12\u201326. https:\/\/enigma.or.id\/index.php\/edu\/article\/view\/79<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Maalouf, G. Y. (2023). The role of servant leadership style in improving innovation in higher education institutions. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal of Professional Business Review<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">8<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(9), Article e01787. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26668\/businessreview\/2023.v8i9.1787\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26668\/businessreview\/2023.v8i9.1787<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Menon, K., &amp; Motala, S. (2021). Pandemic leadership in higher education: New horizons, risks, and complexities. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Education As Change<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 1\u201319. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25159\/1947-9417\/8880\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25159\/1947-9417\/8880<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Morrison, A., &amp; Bramley, G. (2022). Student engagement, higher education, and social justice. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal of Educational Research<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">112<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 101\u2013118.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Museus, S., Mitchell, T. D., Puente, M., &amp; Ting, M. P. (2023). Fostering social justice leaders through the social action, leadership and transformation (SALT) model. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">New Directions for Student Leadership<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">178<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 55\u201367.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Okhremtchouk, I. S., Turner, C., &amp; Newell, P. (2021). Introduction: Striving for social justice and equity in higher education. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Education Policy Analysis Archives<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">29<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(January \u2013 July), 37. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14507\/epaa.29.5154\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14507\/epaa.29.5154<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Peel, R., &amp; Shirley, M. (2023). Higher education administration for social justice and equity: Critical perspectives for leadership ed. by Adrianna Kezar and Julie Posselt. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of College Student Development<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">64<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 253\u2013255. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/csd.2023.0024\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/csd.2023.0024<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ramlackhan, K., &amp; Catania, N. (2022). Fostering creativity, equity, and inclusion through social justice praxis. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Power and Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">14<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(3), 282\u2013295. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17577438221114717\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17577438221114717<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Reinholz, D. L., Corrales, A., &amp; Stone-Johnstone, A. (2019). The access network: Supporting the construction of social justice physics identities through student partnerships. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal for Students as Partners<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 44\u201361. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15173\/ijsap.v3i2.3788\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15173\/ijsap.v3i2.3788<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shapiro, S., &amp; Little, J. (2020). Inclusive leadership development through participatory inquiry. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Leadership Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">19<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 150\u2013164.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Tambascia, T. P. (2021). Letters to my 25-year-old self. In C.-M. Reneau, M. A. Villarreal (Eds.), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Handbook of research on leading higher education transformation with social justice, equity, and inclusion<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (pp. 18\u201325). IGI Global. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-7998-7152-1.ch002\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-7998-7152-1.ch002<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">IGI Global, &amp; Tiwari, A. (2022). Issues of social justice in higher education. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Review International Journal of Multidisciplinary<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(8), 20\u201326.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Wade, J. C., Lee, J., &amp; Smith, M. (2019). Advancing equity and inclusion through higher education leadership. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Diversity in Higher Education<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 327\u2013339.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f35f5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f35f5a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78ca734\" data-id=\"78ca734\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-183ea9d\" data-id=\"183ea9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f902933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-social-share\" data-id=\"f902933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-social-share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"ekit_socialshare\">\n                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-db288b3\" data-social=\"facebook\">\n                    <div class=\"facebook\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-facebook\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8c1acc4\" data-social=\"whatsapp\">\n                    <div class=\"whatsapp\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-whatsapp-1\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-a0e5dae\" data-social=\"linkedin\">\n                    <div class=\"linkedin\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-linkedin\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f74a662\" data-id=\"f74a662\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614eaad elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"614eaad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-vol-5-issue-1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-05, Issue-01(Jan-Mar 2026) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376 Perception of Social Justice Leadership and its Impact on Student-Faculty Relationships in Southwest Nigerian Universities Abiola, Oluwatayomi1, Ouma, Caren2 and Oduol, Truphena3 20000-0002-3943-3562 and 30000-0002-9326-216X&nbsp; 1Pan African Christian University, Nairobi, Kenya 2&amp;3United States International University- Africa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-shodh-sari-vol-5issue-1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24073"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26527,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24073\/revisions\/26527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}