{"id":28608,"date":"2026-02-27T10:36:39","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T05:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?p=28608"},"modified":"2026-03-11T23:24:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T17:54:51","slug":"ekalavya-model-residential-schools-and-the-education-of-scheduled-tribes-a-systematic-literature-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/2026\/02\/27\/ekalavya-model-residential-schools-and-the-education-of-scheduled-tribes-a-systematic-literature-review\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the Education of Scheduled Tribes: A Systematic Literature Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"28608\" class=\"elementor elementor-28608\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd62eea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd62eea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54d7a65\" data-id=\"54d7a65\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6633861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6633861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-333cd03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"333cd03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol-05, Issue-01(Jan-Mar 2026)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d23413 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d23413\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79c2c69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79c2c69\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4c77c7\" data-id=\"f4c77c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a86821 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a86821\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the Education of Scheduled Tribes: A Systematic Literature Review\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b11be43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b11be43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Raziq, Mohd\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Scholar, School of Education, Central University of Gujarat<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Popat, Shilpa S.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assistant Professor, School of Education, Central University of Gujarat<\/span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-6370b2bb-7fff-aa2a-2b0e-e99d9a5da198\"><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7fce19e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7fce19e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0c90cd\" data-id=\"e0c90cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1825d18 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"1825d18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper vertical  elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-ca158ed69db8dd6c4cfb-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ca158ed69db8dd6c4cfb\" href=\"#Content-ca158ed69db8dd6c4cfb\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ca158ed69db8dd6c4cfb\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-file-alt elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Abstract<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-62e3348\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-62e334869db8dd6c4cfb-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"about-author\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-62e334869db8dd6c4cfb\" href=\"#Content-62e334869db8dd6c4cfb\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-62e334869db8dd6c4cfb\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-user elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> About Author<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e351830\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-e35183069db8dd6c4cfb-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"impact-statement\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-e35183069db8dd6c4cfb\" href=\"#Content-e35183069db8dd6c4cfb\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-e35183069db8dd6c4cfb\">\n                            <span class=\"fas fa-file-import elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Impact Statement<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-bb8dae569db8dd6c4cfb-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"cite-this-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-bb8dae569db8dd6c4cfb\" href=\"#Content-bb8dae569db8dd6c4cfb\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-bb8dae569db8dd6c4cfb\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-address-card elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Cite this Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed  active show\" id=\"content-ca158ed69db8dd6c4cfb\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ca158ed69db8dd6c4cfb-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India continue to experience significant educational disadvantages due to geographical isolation, socio-economic marginalization, and inadequate schooling infrastructure. To address these disparities, the Government of India has introduced initiatives such as SSA, RMSA, and the RTE Act (2009), with the Ekalavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), launched in 1997\u201398, emerging as a major intervention to provide free, residential, and culturally responsive education for tribal learners. This study examines the contribution of EMRS to the educational advancement of Scheduled Tribes and assesses its effectiveness, persistent challenges, and policy implications. A systematic literature review was conducted by synthesizing studies published between 2015 and 2025. Relevant literature was identified through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Sage Publications, government websites, and reputable news sources, using clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings of the review indicate that EMRS has enhanced educational access, literacy outcomes, and student retention among tribal learners; however, ongoing constraints such as infrastructural inadequacies, shortages of qualified teachers, limited career guidance, and insufficient monitoring mechanisms continue to affect institutional performance. The review recommends strengthening teacher preparation, upgrading infrastructure, expanding vocational and skill-based programs, integrating culturally relevant curricula, and improving administrative management to align EMRS with national education standards and enhance learning opportunities for Scheduled Tribe students. <\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">: Ekalavya Model Residential Schools, Scheduled Tribes Education, Tribal Schooling, Educational Access, Systematic Literature Review.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-62e3348 \" id=\"content-62e334869db8dd6c4cfb\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-62e334869db8dd6c4cfb-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About the Author\/s<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mohd Raziq is a dedicated Research Scholar at the School of Education, Central University of Gujarat. His academic pursuits focus on the intersections of educational policy and social equity, with a specific research interest in the institutional frameworks governing tribal education in India. Through his work, he aims to identify barriers and opportunities within specialized schooling systems like the Ekalavya Model Residential Schools.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dr. Shilpa S. Popat serves as an Assistant Professor in the School of Education, Central University of Gujarat. With extensive experience in teacher education and pedagogical research, she provides academic leadership in the Department of Education. Her expertise lies in evaluating educational interventions and curriculum development, specifically targeting the advancement of marginalized communities through structured academic support and policy analysis.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-e351830 \" id=\"content-e35183069db8dd6c4cfb\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-e35183069db8dd6c4cfb-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Impact Statement<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of existing research on Ekalavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) and their role in improving educational access for Scheduled Tribes in India. By systematically reviewing recent literature, the paper highlights how EMRS has enhanced enrolment, retention, literacy outcomes, and academic participation among tribal students, particularly in remote and socio-economically marginalized regions. At the same time, it identifies critical gaps in infrastructure, teacher preparation, culturally responsive pedagogy, career guidance, and institutional monitoring. The study offers evidence-based recommendations to strengthen policy implementation and improve the quality and sustainability of EMRS. Its impact lies in consolidating scattered research into a single analytical framework that can guide policymakers, researchers, and educational administrators in designing targeted reforms. The findings contribute to informed decision-making and support the development of equitable, inclusive, and culturally sensitive educational systems for Scheduled Tribe communities across India.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5 \" id=\"content-bb8dae569db8dd6c4cfb\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-bb8dae569db8dd6c4cfb-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cite this Article<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA 7th Edition<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Raziq, M., &amp; Popat, S. S. (2026). Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the education of Scheduled Tribes: A systematic literature review. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), 409\u2013422. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7908\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7908<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA 9th Edition<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Raziq, Mohd, and Shilpa S. Popat. &#8220;Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the Education of Scheduled Tribes: A Systematic Literature Review.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 5, no. 1, 2026, pp. 409-422. doi:10.59231\/SARI7908.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago 17th Edition<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Raziq, Mohd, and Shilpa S. Popat. 2026. &#8220;Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the Education of Scheduled Tribes: A Systematic Literature Review.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 5, no. 1: 409\u2013422. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7908\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7908<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d968ae2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d968ae2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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Downloads<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7338d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7338d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-677fe99\" data-id=\"677fe99\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4865b12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4865b12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-77b36f2\" data-id=\"77b36f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f62b769 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f62b769\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DOI: <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7908\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/SARI7908<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Page Numbers: 409\u2013422\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject: Tribal Education \/ Sociology of Education \/ Educational Policy<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a576c77\" data-id=\"a576c77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0226a2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0226a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Received: Nov 27, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Accepted: Dec 31, 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Published: Feb 25, 2026<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f93b8b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f93b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thematic Classification: Ekalavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), Scheduled Tribes Education, Systematic Literature Review, Tribal Welfare Policies, Educational Equity in India.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f2f2f77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f2f2f77\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c3967fc\" data-id=\"c3967fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ae3799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ae3799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fda34da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fda34da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Scheduled Tribes (STs) are indigenous communities recognized under Article 366(25) of the Indian Constitution, characterised by distinct cultural identities, socio-economic marginalisation, and geographical isolation (Ministry of Tribal Affairs, 2022). According to the Census of India (2011), STs constitute 8.6% of the total population, with large concentrations residing in remote, hilly, and forested regions.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Despite constitutional safeguards such as Article 15(4) and the Right to Education Act (2009), Scheduled Tribes continue to face persistent educational challenges, including high dropout rates, inadequate infrastructure, language barriers, and the impact of seasonal migration (NITI Aayog, 2021; Singh &amp; Sharma, 2020). Schools in tribal areas frequently experience shortages of trained teachers, poor connectivity, and culturally misaligned curricula, further widening the educational gap between ST learners and other social groups (Govinda &amp; Bandyopadhyay, 2011). Language constraints also affect student retention, as many tribal children speak indigenous languages at home while schooling is predominantly conducted in regional or national languages (Mohanty, 2019).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Economic hardship further compels many tribal children to participate in labour or migrate seasonally with their families, making regular school attendance difficult (Bose, 2012). Gender disparity remains a significant concern, with tribal girls often facing early marriage, domestic responsibilities, and social restrictions that limit their educational opportunities (Ministry of Tribal Affairs, 2018). Additionally, experiences of discrimination and cultural alienation in mainstream educational settings continue to discourage ST students from fully engaging with formal schooling (Singh, 2013).<\/span><\/p><h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)<\/span><\/h2><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Recognising these educational disparities, the Government of India has introduced several initiatives to enhance educational access and equity for Scheduled Tribes. The Right to Education Act (2009), the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), and the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) have focused on improving tribal education by promoting universal enrolment and strengthening school infrastructure (Ministry of Education, 2019).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">One of the most significant initiatives targeted at tribal education is the Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS), introduced in 1997 under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA). These fully funded residential institutions provide free, quality education from Grades 6 to 12 for Scheduled Tribe students (MoTA, 2022). EMRS aims to increase enrolment, improve retention, and enhance academic performance among tribal learners while integrating tribal culture, language, and traditional knowledge into mainstream schooling. The Union Budget 2018 further expanded the initiative by setting a mandate to establish one EMRS in every block with at least 50 per cent tribal population and 20,000 tribal individuals (Government of India, 2018).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">EMRS institutions place strong emphasis on academic excellence, extracurricular development, and vocational training to ensure holistic learning experiences. These schools follow the CBSE curriculum, providing students with competitive exposure for higher education and career opportunities (Kumar &amp; Rani, 2020). Additionally, STEM education, digital learning initiatives, and skill-based programmes have been introduced to strengthen technological proficiency and employability among tribal students (MoTA, 2022).<\/span><b id=\"docs-internal-guid-ab198d1a-7fff-b233-8184-591df10a4498\" style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><br \/><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Figure 1<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">State\/UT wise total number of EMRS functional in Indi<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 636px; height: 280px;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;\" 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t++7cjBdGuGhWG37bcYfK7K20txP\/3eNzOcLr3g2xkms2csDP9w3FvC8e86Iqy54pEsrpfw6MW+thK2+fuuELpOoco19A984APZSVS77bZbuOyyy8J9990XVqxYEfzSUN6peE0RGGgI6atO\/PNJiSWAb3\/729mY2Gjzwhe+sBNVxTJHgEClazmlE\/F1xb3uda8Lt956azjllFOGzLGjjjqqLktPxh9zzDHh6quvDpa9AHDDDTeEM844I7z97W8P55xzjqgYIgIZApNR6GYNa\/XnBS94QXjooYfCkUceGQjiVul76v0qRoqZVoVOYfGUpzwlPPbYY+GpT31q+Mtf\/hI+85nPhLXWWivsvffe4WUve1m44447OlV1LDciMKEI2NVtnfvVr3511o599903bLDBBuHAAw8MNpxlkRV\/7Ap\/3\/veF3beeedASZVk3rx54S1veUsWqn6yVJoYuheBrhO6fvgA3EmSZBZvPHsZGpMnELK+3bSr9fvf\/362jmiMfvrTn4anP\/3pk6ehPdaS3FNUec0WI6oBWbj0ofDtXx9WGx5acGt1xh6LLXt58u7be7Lrrrvmj6tdfZKFp\/kK4xe\/+EX2nmX85je\/Obz73e8O4rPI+GfKINB1QnfKID\/cI41kEQAAEABJREFUjgwzfSVzTc1e8cMsqq3kS5cuDXvuuWc45JBDwnOf+9xMy28rY0w0LgikQ58qQOmyboUXpEHmpq8GwrK+BbWhf6B\/XNo\/2Sspe3ny9l511VXZnMify1dfXvgi48477wyHHnpo9prw9f2zpZnc+s1exD9TAoGeEbqEjQ1YL3rRiwbdOHfddVd41atelYV77rlnSgzoYCdS5ppyzJTLpjFV92n0WP6bNWtW+OUvfxl+\/OMfD\/4SVF4+BnLAAQfkj\/E6EQhU0UAxrqFNAwNJKrCrQ0O2nntV9PLovHXd\/fffP1sGW758uajK8POf\/zxzQ5s7EjgEaI011sg+hWQpi4th6iDQM0LXZhAum+985zvZWqMhdLzdF7\/4xXDqqacG7k9xUyUU+Wn5vlN9vPfx68OfHrq4Mjww7+ZOVBvLbBOBgZQIakObZcRk1QhUeXnOPvvsbJ3WBs\/3v\/\/9gRu5OncIBDMD4Morr8ySyGNz6PJUUK+99tpZXPwzdRDoGaFrV62P+bfZZpuw1VZbZSO4+eabZ5scaJU77bRTFjdl\/qRMttbS7VAnf\/fX74Urbju1Mvzhwf\/tUK2x2HYQWP3wxydiWuZvoiXvWhYwtRNUeXmOPvro1DuQYpxqOuedd14jAEmShPXXXz\/YHCrhS17yksAtLbz4xS8WFcMUQqBrhG75tCPu4pGcvSwfwWsM\/XKKbf2s3KbNDtJ2W9DPurDS59yBHmHAdaED1cUiaxCoiq4blzy+Kk+M6zgCTtrDj4477rhw+OGHZ\/W9\/vWvD6eddlr42te+Ft74xjdmcfHP1EGga4Ru+Tu4kZ69bN0RURvCP\/3pT4Hrp6+vLzjmTlwMI0dgIKTrfg1h5CXHnKNFYCAtIDW6UusrVbnShyH36bv4b3QIXHHbv4ZvXHNgZfjJLf9QWzgP3G233RbOOuussPXWW2fpHPzDOuainj17dhYX\/0wdBLpG6Ja\/g\/MRequzl\/v6B8KK\/jAYbr\/jrrDFU58W1l53\/XD\/gw+H7\/\/gh2H6zFnh0MNeF3551dWD6Yp5uvV+CFMtMdlO9UmddVPDu07VG8t9gsbrsAjpXKiWuKkLNH1Xl0\/8QMNGqr6UtqTpgtDR+T2Q4lC3nONdr+PTC\/2v433l+K4RuuXv4Ozqs+FAh1yrPiKft7g\/3PfYsiz89LJrw17pWskznr5VWH\/dtcND8\/vCi+YcFN79N8embp3XhxfsdWCWLk\/fzdcHHl8e6hiAeGdSd6J\/S5enGk4N81m09Imx6ETdscyVdF6Hw7JUOmL+VWH+kr5a2s9oySSrCQ\/PX16bt64tUzF+4dJUeanx8ixZPtCI0aV\/OC1cfOtnKsPN9\/6qMe94Y3nvo0vD8R\/8h7D77i8MF158Rda27114SbAn5l1\/+95w98OLs7jxbtdkqK9miqwW3TVCt\/wdHBfMokWLsg458YXgzR4KfzZcZ3rY6klrZOGg\/V4Y7r3nrlTZTydHynmeu82m4YCX7BKuuOyS8MsrLg0H7r1rli5P383XLTacmcrWtJ81fzddf0ZH+rrmzHpyWmfWtI7U2c3jNJ5tnzk9SamhWhdbb60n5km5TVvMTmkpVaTSKZPOnTR\/6X7T9WfGcU15DPousJ4ht+ZFGdfi80MLrwh\/nfezyrDGzL92Ft+07cW2tLpf9NDt4X3vfms479xzwrfO+HzWtkMO3Ctc96trwpabbhTWHpiXxbUqZyq+HzLoDQ\/1XLIh00S9Kn4HN5Kzlx+Y\/\/uUsG+sDAuXPTxR3epMvSlzrOWynalxZXU1rsjsZYfqjcW2gUATPXjXUETdhrwsviFfz72CY1VoAcRAzZxZGd8i8zi\/tgZd\/grE7m2\/AvfMZz5zyC\/BjXPTuqa6rhC6Vd\/B2V4\/3LOXf\/bHj4X\/\/f0JleGOR1Z+I9c1I9fQ0Gzep38GakJD1vhqiiKwkhYGUmt19dDU5ZSEgkOn6kJUpprQm7rvKFx2Xec9tMv6C1\/4Qrj33nvzqG6+drTtXSF0aVJ2HTuxxS8OQSRJkmGfvTzQoFEqM4ZRIpBy6IG6MMqiY\/bRIZAOS6gdGy8bisdg60JDtt561cBb4N4IBvzrQmPGiXuJH+dfgWjFBRdcEI4\/\/vjB0\/7ExVCNQFcI3eqmx9haBNIJXMckxdfmG+WLldZQakn1V4S0TaMsPmYfDQLwrwstyiU06kKLrPH1FETA6VlPe9rTsgM9Hn545bIcw2jTTTcNfuxkCnZ5TLvUtUJ3RCjUMR3xIypwEmfSp6bQgaZn1aV\/qhh0dEN2APBhFJmqQekQVP8N6ZumogaqlKg8zmA3Ze6Rd5TZutAC3tQDkdSGkFrQkwnC66+\/Pjgxy6l+jqicPn16+NCHPhT22GOP4Oc8\/UjDZGrvZGxLbwndyTgCHWoTXlgbOlSnb0FrGbTGdKreWG5rBFJlKDSFhhIMXV1oyNZbr1JsV3p6UhXGl3PFkL6bKmA8\/\/nPDyzdXMHYcMMNw6c\/\/enMrfyud70rJEkyVbrasX50jdB1Qosfev7GN76RgWHQh3sM5ECqNdaFkL7LCu7qP0803jyvC0+kGtu7zI4aSP9WhrGtK5Y2TARSYkiHJbWoUqFQvm8qKktbN6bpy6a8PfSuPwW3P7X+60ITFHhZrbIaJh\/Gf338hnDno1dVhrmL72rqanyXItAVQtfuZd\/h\/uIXvwgXXnhhsGt5pMdApn3ujX8pE6jmsJ2bxP2pdl8XNKc3gJ+cvYR\/XWjF12stuHS8W+WdnGh0oFXptKrFt0V1qazmJKoMkxHfa+78SvAlSFX480M\/a9Hb+LorhK5F+pe\/\/OXZD6P7\/du5c+eGdo6BLA8vbbJOE6VtltN383MdAxDfsX5ljKfaKsoUgI5V3FxwfJsiYODrQvq6\/l\/1eJovQn2+3nqTQZtKTzymKjShUZV+MC6dU015J+Rd6hUcqAkT0p4uq7QrhG4R0+XLl2c\/zUfwsn69c606BnJ530BwBFseWGF1WvvyvjAkbZ6nG69LVzTP1GXp+070qy9jOqn7MrWAyjivmEL4dgK7TpeZwp8ZTSijHMrzZGhbqsczH1+0NjT90DnXK+9WoP0U2IGK0JfOhyYcmvnS5MNTe+uIqZfnOVnUTugqoWsB30I+y9cC\/qIWx0AuWtofHlu4YjD0p0J4UIM0SQph0dK+wXTFPN14\/\/iiFZlhWcUAxM1f3Jm+LlvRn9ZbbRktTbWabsRyqrS5L6X9oYwyZQ+pgBC3ZPnQeVLs8+OL0VL1mLJ0O0VLxTZ0w\/3SZSntF\/hJkc8sT+dFUx\/6UykGy6owGfkS5Tqlnsp\/TbTUhMFUeFcJSEVk1whdluy8efPCLrvskp160s4xkBusPT1sNnvmYEh19nTdZKAyrLfm0LTFfN12v8n6M9OuphyVhK0IT1p3xiAmY9m3WdOnhdwCKl\/XmjmtI3WOZfuHU9Z\/ffP08KbXHjjYp4fuuiUcfvCccOrJJ4aN1wmD8cMps5NpZ6QzvYqpi1t3Vv3YbLL+jFBBQoNxnaKlTmLRibLXWmNayldCZXDudVOdFJ\/+VGBXhfUnIV+aMW1aOv7VnzmtM2vq8NGmMat6VyFfK6PSqVgZP6kibZxy+slzn\/vcMGPGjHD77beHkRwDmTGP1NVTFgieEf6k6vQoG5OK3KxLdddRFl+ZHQOvD5VZujbyAx\/4QLCbPu\/A3XffHS655JIwe\/bscMUVV+TRk+aa0X5KDHXX2obKkwqEouVWvA8ZldXm7roXI21wEZPV7lMMm8rFf2pDi7xN5XbqnSbV0pGXnap4ipTbFUL3yU9+cvjJT36SalcDWdhrr72y78FOPvnkcPnll4cddtihreFYbTIUmQkqaquULkmE+OtCh7qQwhlST1llmGrwliE8+OCDgx\/keOUrXxkee+yx8uuJf66jBfEtWmfsakOLvL3yOsMnnQBVPCak8Y04pJnrlNXJqNRU9XEwLu1LY1\/jy9AVQnesxqnKfZPHtcF7xqoZnS8n7Qzarwsda0BaYR3zEN+xeidRwY8++mjgkZlETcqakpJEZpNWXbMEDX+MXV3ICm3I20uvUvJPjYJUTKYgD7lvAQKZPLmV1aEdIGBzvlm+6vfQ1PGpjEBPCd1aF07qcp56zCOd+Vmn6q5lUhj9swlXh3HWlNFXMalLWLx4cViyZEl41rOeNfnamQ5OneBMXzW2t04giG\/M2EMvCaKm0ARFU75WY9NUbqferVQSBkJZ4HpGY52qd6qU21tCN6Xg7OSYiutUI5a0i9VaNxncIepdWedAWm9FmOJS16dsN998c3jFK16RHZPXIYhHV6yxrwsNJZsbdaEhW0+9AmsmjNKb8tW8aAKjSeh2eto4eOi9731vsDH1yiuvbGrm4LuBvtSarwsMmMGUU\/tmpL3rLaGbEkTPWGLp5M8mbN11pBTTlC+tC4OpC01ZJ\/Ldt771rWyPQJIk4XWve11bTfnSl74UPv\/5z4ePf\/zjoa+vL\/z93\/992H333YMD4H\/wgx+0VcZ4JqobE\/FN7UiHNFWiUiab3khbFZry98q7DJdU2lYKUC8bgEizhbqQwt6Qc\/SvrrvuurD\/\/vuHn\/\/859m+mXZKpICxaqtCi662U\/ykTHPssccO8ghzfzSN7Bqhe\/HFF4dtttkm+1xIhw388M9eTplHSt2VE0OhUySYqE2hU900JpXYpphnCkCnKl5V7rJlyzJBSPixPFdFt7zsuOOOoT\/1lcrvvmWGNMFxxx2XCqOB8E\/\/9E+ZoP3iF7+YPcPAuzTJ5PqHGzaFutamhFQ3puLrsk2W+BtuuCEcffTR4ayzzupskxoUerA3VQ7HupASVVPWUb\/zc3y+DrEJcNddd22rvP50PtcF9N9WIWkiyqmTBn\/729+mT5P3nyWj97znPelQDATerNH+fGHXCN0DDjgg+5HkfGjaOns5T7zqWkco4tslFgd0JEkSnve854XhMPZVTRi\/y0BaVV1IX3XiH+bSFDpRZ7HMj33sY8HpZD\/+8Y\/DzJkzi68a7x24kiRJuPHGG7OfLWtMvOrlA\/N\/H\/4678bKsHDZw6tSTZ5LHSnk8U0tncgxbWpXq3d\/\/OMfwyc+8YlwwgknhDe+8Y2tko\/qfbqgkjFlfKQcWimcdd63LN4AjaplzZmf+cxnBocM+QTODvzm1Cvf1ikI4lv1dWUJIRC4V111Vfj3f\/\/3sNNOO+XRk\/K65pprDn4hc8011wRfz4ymoV0jdMudHNnZyyzd6tAusdx0003Z5MKgh8PYy+3v7HPKAlJOWZ78+XOn6lY+BaYqeNduvTYkcee0m1464+K3Ps8888xw0UUXiRp24Gp70Yte1Fa+S279WLjodx+sDHc88su2ypDIN+ennnqq246GlBxSuk1pP2Xiq923qDlj\/jWWXLvzpkUVHXl92mmnZV6Ik046KTg2tiOVrCoURqmzJPWYhMqwKlnlxdyoC5UZaiJHQksOHeLdefWrXx3OOOOMmk14YXkAABAASURBVJKHRqeGbmUf9R9tDU29+pP5\/YUvfCFQirhq9X31VJ2L+chHPhLuv\/\/+EVXwyCOPhE022WREefNM0\/KbbruaRKwa7XZFPO6LwZFk85f0hzw4vqxuI9WS5QOD6fL05evchcvDef\/z\/fDDH\/0kzFvc1zJ9Of94PS9cmnLWIhBD78OiZa37OpK2Lu8LwaSrCstWtF\/npVdcHcL0mcPC98qrfx3edexx4Tvnfj9845tnhQcfWzis\/Fl\/Fy0L\/dPXaiufPmYCB9SlsLQNWlLfo\/OXhl9ff2NYuGR5W3XKM9KAIda1t2lsFi7tT8e0XolbuOyJ+VXXtlv+fGd42YGvCAe+4uDw5zvu63hftePhxxeH+x94KJz6xa+EVx5yWDjve+e3Xe9I2rusrx6jFX3NGGV8KZVkVcrqkjbw1d+R0tLPfvHL8MDDc8Nzn\/+icNtf7moLoxXpXHakblVYury5r9r6mxt+H176sleEM77x7bBkWV\/45bXXt1WvvCMZG\/nyoC5tXFCQC\/m7Vtfb7vxr2PJp29S2tcRmax+7Vui2c\/YyIbA4HdQ89KechwukKixb0R\/ydHXXtKjwkVNODcvStF\/4\/Odapq8rp9PxS9KOEwp1wftOtKEvZS5V2IpbkTKlduq84aabw9Oe8azQP5AMC9+Fi5eE2RttEtZab3bYfY89w6OPzx9W\/j\/86bawzbO2bztPf3\/1MXgDabuXpUypnb5e+curwk67vSgsT3FrJ\/1o0mDsLIqqsCKl57qy0cpAqlTUhaUpk63Lm8evv+GTwzfP+Z\/w+jccHf4vXWPN4zt5XbB4WVhnvQ3CjFlrhxfssVd4+JFH2x7bkbQXhui8KvS1oH1Wcl1Y1jA2RfxGSks77rRbuPDCC8JL5+wZnrfLbm1hpD\/9\/QOhKrTT3gWLl6Zz9ckhmTEr7LnPfuHhR+e2Va\/+jmRs5BP++sDD6VwLYb3ZG4UlKY8UN5xw9bXXhl12f3FtW2ulbOlF1wpdW9wvu+yycN9994UVK1Zka3mlvoX11pwWNll\/5mBIUoZYR9zrzpo+mK6Yp3y\/9Wazw+sOeUXYaP21wpPWGVp+Oe1EPTsPt86qEb\/h2jPa6utw27+Gs5cHqq3dNWckLetcZ\/qyMCssDTs8c8uw9hrDw\/YFO+8Qrrrsx2HWwKKwZMHc8KytNmlZX7F\/d\/\/55vDy\/fZsOw\/m2pcK16qw7qzWbV\/w8N1h5+dsE54ye82w7qz2aK\/Y3uHez5hGSagem7XWqK\/\/SevODPpaFzZcuz5v3sYtnrR22HCtEGZNWxFe8dK92sY4zz+S69OfskFYumhemP\/QXeGBu\/4YXrDLjm3XO5L2rjlzWqhTTGZOb6b9dGTSvAOVYd01W+M7Glp61tM2CeecfWb4\/c03hbce9fq2MEq7E+rooZ15u+uO24Yrfr5yrt592y3hBTtt11a96GAkYyOfcM9tN4c5L35+Khemh43Xm9l2nfIKYdmCsP3Wm9XmC23+N63NdBOezHm2vid705velLVlZGcvD1RqZzQ2FkBWcBt\/5s+fHxYsWJCtF7WRfDDJa1\/72uwTk8GIDt7oT11ot9rhtrduImbxqTBuVa81VTuPkyTJdiGflK7FtcqTv997772zDSGvetWrAhqZNm14pH3ooYdmxzjm5bW69qcWSF9NQE+t8v\/whz8MT3va0wKPzYc\/\/OFw\/vnnt8oyMe\/TcasTJuLbbZS1O+v09mK0m2e06U488cRw1FFHZUfF+ixmOOUNt73ZXEutv4zWy9cUw6a6+9P18rrQDsYjoaX7Hv9t+L97vl0ZbnngwqbmZgIXjVcF\/W\/MnL50rO9hhx0W9t1337D55puHLbfcMo1t\/99wx0bJTop76Utfmn328\/73vz8cdNBBoocV0NKwMtQkHh5nqilkPKLtGEPYrFv1JUkSxvLsZRagcpvCgw8+GD71qU+FD37wg+GII45oSlr5ruOfLRRqNc\/rQiFZ4+1w2zuQgmiMqkJog3vss88+abK0lDSt3ZTGt7GBhZdJkoRTTjklY7AUssKr2ttHFv453PnoVZXB7uTajOmLvnT9uq\/G0uVNSZM0\/tM\/ODmn2advNrI0ZhjlS3XVhdT+rSs9i6\/LJz5L0MYfO4gvvfTStr8FbaPIlknsir366qszuhjupsfhtteYj1RwElR1IZ0QLfs5Elq6b+5vw\/V3fbsy3PLXHzXWmeoUqfESKkM6dRvz5i\/xTxsfRyLIhjs26txoo41SKFfyFp\/3tbvZso4\/iF+07BFFDzt0jdAdds8qMmTEkkqiqmsaXZFjaJRdayem2vNXvvKVsPXWWw99OdmedKgudKqtqcaO+VQGbelAvSv6loQFSx+oDU1V\/v7+C8Ilf\/iXyvB\/d3+7KWu6pNFfG2zWa8w8ES\/h3xRq2pRlaRrXmnzl6OnTp4cnPelJYdttty2\/GvPnJnpAL+1UOJL2UkLqQlOdBFVdPu+a8o74XTqwA\/YlVIbmUgfSNeq6kOrdjZmbxqYxY+HlSMamkH1Yt3X8QfyD828dVll54p4SunXapPhUDcox6f6rCdUQOtXB\/nTGEThVYbjM43Of+1xbzbxn7m\/Cude\/pTas6F9WW85AKkz6+5JQGVJmVJsxfdG3fCDUBcfkpUna+uenAClybSUeRSL414bGcgfSqVEf0iFvzO3leeedF7bbbrvwH\/\/xH+Hwww8X1dHQRA93z72uZd0t21tRQoZtSk9oqipUZBmMqrOQxQ8mauNmOLRkM9TyZf2hKqxIabupOgpCf2q5VAXv6vISuE1j88D8W+qyDsaPZGwGM6+6cXjNU57ylFVPzZdK3rCKZxjz5tzVb3tM6IZQNSGyuFRIVUMUwsML\/hTO\/tXhtWH+kgfqsk5gvA7Vhc40K8OxjvFoSieqTcvtXxFCXWiqcsXylOks7QvLK8KK5an\/uCFzf19\/6KtZ021iPA1FdvQVBlEXWgnOunzi22m0ozVvvfXWzM3r87528owmTR0tiG\/VV\/WOpL3GvC6EFpVm+VIhRvlfLaT0rU1jHVYK3b5U6K4eWtJ+2tYqgSuuiSa8MwZ1oQVMGQQjGZss4wj\/VPGGPM5YjaTYnhK6iKIuIIg6APv7+8LiJQtqwwBpU5d5guL1pzZ0qk0pgxhIK60MLWbURTUHTYj\/6+M31ra4L2UAS5f0hbrQVG1fuia7bEl\/qAorlqWdqa01pAJ3oDYMpG2qyzp30V1Bn+rComWP1mUdZbz+1IXmovWnLjTnnJi3dbQgnrDpRKtSsq9c42StCk11ylsXmuj3sUV3jpiW+lPaX760P1U4Vw8rWlm61Yr1SoMGidV0Vh+NQV3Am2uyjir6V3d+rRanG+7978ayq3hDHtefutkbM9e87BqhS1OeM2dOdqwbpl7Tn8Zo+WqZB4qoyY0YlizqC3WhIeuQEt\/2trcFO3IdUzjkRSceEH9TaKPO4bYXDvSPqhDSidpU5d0P3xjqwuJlj9dmRfjLFveFulCbMX2xIrV0l6VWblXwLk1S+893mXUBvdRlXLpiUW0\/9X9FX707vK7MduIzUkj\/ZGNUvrYooDJPoYy67A\/Muzlce8dXK8Nv7vpmXbZRx9fRgnhrkXUVPLrw9sq25n2oyyc+4y0pUJXXJsmZZq7jSVl8WmaapPLfsha01Ne\/vDKfSMpHlWtZXCva1yQ0XhX0X\/mVIc1oDOrCQIOy2khLd59ZWV0e+dDjf6mdc4\/NvztPVnmt4g15nP5XZmoR2TVC11F5Z599dvaJhU9LWvSr8nU65sG4VoWUh1TmEQncJYtWpEK3OjQSmgJWhfPStS1pHfK9KqpjF\/2pC+1WOtz26lttaMF4Fi1YHuoC4VbX5v5U26zTnMU3ufb6Mm2\/L9X2Vw+tGI965a8K6KypvXX9FA+\/uryjiq8jhjy+rvD0PWZYF5rwfWje7eH6v3y\/Mtx410V1NY463rjXBZ6RugrmLrqvsq15H+ryZfENOLVSOPGXupAWmxVf9QcNopm6oMyqfOLkJWCrQju0L39VoHArvyqYF3XjIr4p74PzbqsdmxvvbN5trew6jJamSndVW\/O43JVcdW3CN88fKm66Quj6LtZ3l0996lOzw6ZtNa\/oS8uoOsaRxTdQN2JYmgrduuB9XeXchTToqvD44mYtq67MtuJReF1oEIBLls8LVW0V99iiO5qrTjGERVVoxXgWz18R6gLBVlcxwl+WupfrQl0+8YT5stTFVhVaMZ6+1AXXl1rKVQEzUn5V0N66foqHXVW+0cYR5nWhSXCqt46MxHtfF+A6\/7FloSosmNsZi15b6mhBfNPYrFjWX9nWvP3KrguwMHaVIZ0Xdfmy+PR9lr\/i2jBVg76gmbpgvLPyK\/709fVXKpvLUyEEh4osg1HKzXhmar2sdtWRwZRDb7wyBnXBBsyhOZ54Wp7O03wcytdWtLQs9VLWYbQ8XV56opbV75al9daFVssGq5e2MqZrhK7PDTR57bXXDo888ojblmFROokeW9gX8tCXWkWrEckqwlmUgpunK18fT8tYkg5cXZibvi\/nyZ9\/+fvvha\/95O2V4b+v+OfBtuXpx+L6eNpWBF4X5i\/ur633N3\/+WWVb9eFbPzuuNp92L1vRH7IJmVZcvi5NrUpp6sKi+ctDXZi34IkxLOefn2K\/NHUv14Vy+uLz4jTf8pTJVIUlqSAvpi3fE9iUgargvOJy+vz58bQvdf0UP3fhikaM83KGe\/VdcTos6fikIrbE3Ben69d15a2kpYE0X3VooqXH0zEtM8j8ed5jyzvST\/2oowXx89O5IU1VmJsqfnn7qq5VefK4pakCVqb5\/Hl5Oi\/ydFXXkfKluSnto5m6MDeltar6xC1MeUCVlStuaQMvlHd5Opcpj1VhcYnnSp8H7TUGdWFe2p88bfk6d96KWoWoFS0t4EVLabEKp\/npu3Jdxecq3pDHlWmppUBalaArhK4dj\/kPGsybNy9ssMEGq5rf4pIyl5TFpIncDIT3HXFB+NBbriyFlc+7be9ThoHBtMV8m228ffj7N11eG2avt1llPmXstu0x4Z0HXlwZDt\/zP2rzyTvSsP66m4YTj7myNmy56XNr633OVq+qbKs+vHm\/79XmC6lK\/rr9T63EFuYHv+QfG\/P+vzdeHurCs7bapzbvtlvtHU446oraMGP6GrV5X77HibX5XvdSnyxV04O+vvf1F4QPvvmKyrDrdofV1omW6vopfoN162lJvSMNbzvkzFp6mLPru2vbi5aMX13YYpMda\/PuvO2h4fgjf1EZjn2tE7jq8R1pP+VroodGWnrq3pVtzfug7Lpw0J4frqX91x\/QTEvHHXlhbd5dt6+npc03fk7tnFlJSz6LqcZ4713eGT549BWV4a2vskZanU\/\/3\/bqM2vbu8\/z62lpg5QvNY3N5k\/eoZaWdnnWyGnpsH1PrcXp5S\/6cG2d+trU3melvEeaJ0JaVBv\/ukbo9qe2vHOWHQfp90\/b6FtlEY2OAAAQAElEQVRYe9a0sOE6M2KIGEQaiDQQaSDSQEdpoB2ZJE1XCF0Nfc973hOcBTx37tzwwhe+UFQMHUQgFh0RiAhEBCICY49A1wjd5z73ueGaa67JPrmxqWrsoYglRgQiAhGBiEBEoLMIdI3Q7SwMsfSIQDsIxDQRgYhARGB0CEShOzr8Yu6IQEQgIhARiAi0jUAUum1DFRNGBCICVQjEuIhARKB9BKLQbR+rmDIiEBGICEQEIgKjQiAK3VHBFzN3OwJ9To3o9k7E9o8ZAmNHD2PWpFjQGCAwmcY1Ct0xGNBYRHci8Lvf\/S78wz\/8Q1i+fHl3diC2eswR+Md\/\/Mfw29\/+dszLjQVOHAKjmeff+ta3wl133TWmje8JoYupLls2srNeFyxYMKaAj6SwO++8MzgUpJ28Y9nexYsXt1PlkDSXX355uPHGG8O99947JL7uYTRjUy7zu9\/9bjmq8XmzzTYLfrnqn\/\/5nye94B3NuI4mbyOAw3g53LEZRtFjltQBPH\/zN38TvvrVr\/aM4F26dGnIT\/sbMyAbChrJq9HS72jm+dOe9rTsM9WxFLw9IXQvu+yycOKJJwaCl\/A66qijwve\/\/\/22xv\/LX\/5yOOuss7K03\/zmN8Mb3\/jGTKhkEW3+Qdg06A996EPBjze0mS1LRuD+6le\/Cs961rOy51Z\/xqK96tDXY445JvzoRz\/y2HbAuD784Q+HNdZw\/GLrbCMdmz\/96U\/hjjvuGKzAN9zTp0\/PzggejGxxs9FGG4Xtt98+S\/VP\/\/RPwxa8t912Wzj55JODPmSFDOPPVVddldFksQ912bnG3vrWt4Zf\/\/rXWRvhe+yxx4aHH364Lstg\/D333BPe9KY3hQceeCC4f8c73hE++clPZuUMJmrjZjjtLRc3krFRhoNwvvKVr4T\/+I\/\/GNa4ymtM9PWSSy7x2Fbw\/f9WW20V\/ArY8ccfP2zBO5r2\/vKXvwzm2\/\/8z\/+01dZioq997Wvh3e9+d\/jzn\/9cjG7rHk7\/7\/\/9v6DtbWVYlagbaH9VU8No5vk+++wTPv3pTweK+VgJ3p4Qui95yUvCq1\/96syVSChwGSCa73znO\/m41F7f+973ZpogwYtBn3HGGeHf\/u3f2p6QDj3n3vjgBz+YMT8EPhzB63eEtbe2gaUXo22v4jCA5z3veeHb3\/52ZmH\/7Gc\/E91W2H333cNpp50W9Pehhx4KrazlkY7NOuusE9Zaa62sTY899ljArBwTmiRJFtfuH3RACO2\/\/\/6ZRsvybicvOjKuf\/\/3fx++9KUvBRg15fUeLSj7jjvuCOuuu25GDwToX\/7yF9G1YcWKFeHrX\/96OPPMM8P3vve98Hd\/93cBHZ1wwgkBxqHhPz8U8sUvfjFQ+Pwk5r\/\/+7+H3XbbLWMiTe0tFjnc9hbzjmZsLr300vC3f\/u34f777w+f\/\/znA+WjWHbdPby8I7AvSxXu4fx+Ndo\/+OCDww9\/+MPM4h3OL5qNtL3q0LdvfOMbAS20w5f0TzC\/nvOc52S\/M\/6JT3wiUEbFVwVjkY85Q4CQPvDAAzNaQk\/eV+Urxw2X9ov5h0tLxnKktF+sd6TzXBlPecpTwqc+9alszoyF4F1d6KpligXMec6cOeFVr3pVOO+884KBRGSY9Omnnx4QYF2XMff3ve99wQ8tcJv68YVTTz01sChbTWYTiQXFyn300UcDQaYsVkrT5NCW22+\/PZx99tmBUFIXpon55Ixbmqqgve9617tG1F7l0XgxHNbJzJkzM0vuoosuCv\/93\/\/tdW2QD5PDMLbeeutMgBEKJkxtpvRFq7FJk1T+23zzzcOmm24aTjnllMx78JnPfCZgBgSTDK1wytPwIrg\/4IADwl577RWOPPLIloqCX7lSFwb5+9\/\/PmCW\/\/u\/\/xs++9nPKmq1YOwxc+OoXbwAGB4mR2CjD8J0tYyrImbNmhXWX3\/9rHyW253pcsM222yTYYyeKGah5j\/4Pv3pTw\/\/8i\/\/Ev7zP\/8zE9L6ut9++4UPfOADLa1lFi66G05786acc845mYU93LFR36JFi7JfE2Ohm7cbb7xx1l7PeflV1yuvvDK8853vDNdee22YMWNG+OhHP5opjq3oMC9L3ZZG8nluTC+88ML8deMVXWjfcNqrQLRx7rnnDuFL6KKJL8mXe6PQEeVKWz\/+8Y8Hwt\/7ctCPk046KfNyUBgpmzfffHPm7XHMLi8e4RTa+K9d2i8WNRJaGg3t53WbcyOZ59p7YuohpSjkghc\/\/\/nPf54XPaJrTwhdE\/AHP\/hB4Cp43etel1m8XM1veMMbwhFHHBEMbBV6hKbJgDBZkCYBps5KOe6448JLX\/rSqmxZnLTnn39+kI6V\/LGPfSzTYh1nicC33XbbLF3VH0za5DXQ73\/\/+4MJhWlab8L8qvLkcSaDyTfc9lrXYdlSLrhTCBVWPcGLiR166KF5FZVXE71olVgLoR2+7GUvq0yfR7Yamzxd1ZXWzhXI9XP33XcHfeZyxbAoVlV5xBkb+CZJklnLrD8MU59ZhQSVdHnILUTPvBSYF4ZubChPaOkVr3hFJrClKQfuLW2kEBG81picI47xqYv7l8Av5qPEYP55HIttzTXXDNqHnrian\/GMZwSKzXbbbZcnW+1KM9c\/daILypu+77333gE9EWarZVoV8X\/\/93\/hwQcfzJTFVu1dlWXwAmN1qPMPf\/hD22OjAPPNeHIPayuapMhRVila0lSF3\/zmNyFJkkAYbbnllpl1bMnh7W9\/e+bpqsojDlPmenc1DjDShoULFwZLUfiGdHkwV3gojLv1RsLrpz\/9aRhue3kpKNcUp9e\/\/vVD+BLeVORL6kR7eRsIakq8OWvJjCcFn8BvKOp5uuKVQolnoUV8iPcAPdk4pq+eKXPFPMV7bbWcQslrl\/bz\/COlJX22vKB92joc2keD6CdJ2pvneVtdCVp83tw01vgqfLnxYSfNSMOUF7oIhADAnDFWBIlB2rVKm33yk59cix1N57DDDgtbb711pnVj6iYKJsalQyDVZaYxsqoJyU022SSzUtTJlfSiF72oLlsWj9HJb9AJMlY56+Zf\/\/VfQ5OwRijWokyIJEkyRtdue03iPffcM3PnKUdfMRSC95nPfGao66t2mfSwReBFLT9Jksa16NGMDUYB21133TUQ7hjJDTfckHkzYFbXXgAbP4zyv\/7rvwIFSNqPphbRBhtsEDBraYqB8mPSy4dmrPvl79XP3WusCME8vur61nRdNhe8GDwLFM7cvWU6xKSMJW8MxgNfa45rr712RkuWOOCu\/qq6xGE6hAmlieDCNCh\/GPNf\/\/rXsOOOO0o2JKAXyoz+ogkWPAVDoqb2ep8H3o4LLrggwxLNErwXX3xx4LZtGhtWJncpVz9BrTxCwDhhek3KhbQUON6hJUuWZK57\/eUJIajL+EqfB8oxZs6KkQctEGY8GASuMc\/TusKVcDaf1fmWt7wloEeWfbvtpQzddNNNg0sT6sGXeD3UV26v\/suj\/rlz52bu7ypvlF9gQ8\/SlYN4IVcCKXyf+9znAiXSXGrCF11IQ4Gh1Oov2muX9kdKS5RL9Ms7RMlBS+3Qvr6br8OZ5\/IIFHdzTX95EfTXuKBpPLI8NvIMJ0x5ocs6MFA0lhNTV4G1RuuO7jHZJrBMLhOLNQx0a6u0RcyTBl2VF9Pghrb+a4MDBkR4GyhlmBTFfHb7ElbiTCoaM8GqHs8I24TkXjShpasKGKU0rAFWMQJNkiSzvqraq28YL2ueVagdBAErF2O221S\/3\/a2t2Vuuqo6CVxuG5u8hqvlK2+kYwMXlgiLhoufUGSdcPU++9nPrlUQ1GlnKoZJq2dJ8mRgmtahWWbSlANBjLnAzEQ2npi0uo0dTbzul6\/gS\/mCKUFmLAheWvtOO+2UrdMSCuU6991330y4oldCF1bGWDqCF\/3qh+e6gHFgFBgl4U5LRyMYEQFalw8NGVt5uBzNAX2nuJ555pmZW78uL28Bq5gHAA3Nnj072+TDqjcnMP2qvJQC85QlRZgQPIQLrDDZN7\/5zVXZsjgWGKGg3SxEtEDwaq8+KyNLWPHH2FCYzE2YU97MM+ujLBzvytko0QcddFCm4MGDt4DHwXzCI\/Shqb3KM9\/Mc0o9hcS8R2faXsWXdt5557DDDjsE48kCNk9hTSmGKcHEG5UkieIrAyFiWUZbWbyUDLTlii4rM62KNDb4mvyW18yjW265JfMq1NG+rBQRyvVIaEn+P\/7xj8Hcg6erOc5F3or2tU+a4cxz9fGWmKv4NTpGt5QT8kN50ow2TFmhi8AQP9ByzRVztJ5lQgO1CjxMkpZrHYr7xiSgCSNuzPGpT31qLVM30blZf\/GLX2SuLYOFQNVrklVZFogeY8W8f\/KTn2TuPERFAIozGTBnoaq90rFGMBzWkf6xNpVpklS11yQnmFnQGA33qbUg2itt95hjjgkwwgRM6Kp6xd16660Bk3EvYFbtWCWXXXZZtlaM0X40tTDhDSNtV2\/d2KiDdWfTlEmAMVrDw4ho7wSENHWB1koIqI8AY0li2K12aKMJZWIchI+wyy67ZOuVmHITU8dMbeLDNG26Ini5LI1bE7bqY1Hro7Ek6DEdfaQgNFnVOe2rG76sGeu5mK1+N+Vl1fLEsBilpfCxwKz\/EoLaVRfsj3jxi1+cbUDKsTWP0JX8dflgAUNWMS8NTwu6spegLk8ez3MkPVpmDWovvCklrKMmWlIGelOXucbCZsmYs\/mYS1MO5rk5pC7KJqUEVuhDfazlYh7CKX+GofDKV74y20zHm\/SxdOmJ8CdE5c\/Tlq\/mCxo2jtqgPvnxpiZvVF4OPNCEZ31Fk\/ruuS4YG1jwGMhP2UTzxhN9UgDq8ponFFkCm+CFVzu0pD5zFO1QJChE9pnop\/nTRL\/aAqORzHMCnVdUGy0DKevpT3965jGs8kZ5P5IwZYQuiwvhAwHxmkQGzKSi8ZuYNGbaojR5QLSEU\/6MQbzmNa8JiB9xsTCsl7BYTcg8XdWVVqYu6Uw8zI4G\/pGPfCQgvmIe2jytisuNckC4s4IxZJtcCF5aMNcGV3Yxb\/EeoagLk+Mm0lYCgYVsHa+Y1r1PpZRnEtFCMXXWLOtRn1m3JjcrQfqqkFvz1msRp7ZzDbLAYEwrLeYjGPNn9Zg02mhiwKtubPI8+ZWLlesdg6bB8jYQKgSScvJ05SsmZ5MXy0v\/KCUYpX5SajyX8+TP2mYTDje0zT0YHbxZuYccckjAuPK05Stmi37QxYYbbhhscONeJSgoSfAu5\/Gct5ciQmkyRixPggQjshZbFNhNtM+LIRCIymalueYBPfCKeKZ8WdZgGbOEWH2UQsomwaAP0gnlNUauUkyYUsTy44WgLBCAZXrI56lylJ97GwhNdfHyyM\/iw4ClqwqYOuFnvtmroY3mMm8HRl1sbzG\/Mgk56Vkv+fzjyqdoE2pFfMXLowy8hatUHdpOkBCghBDPyeGHHy7ZYDBXzAnCisCgWFCe0JX+5\/QehAAAEABJREFUUVLNId4HnoA8I4zgkj\/byIiWYMkzo43oEY8wfylLedritUxL+JHlGOMkD0WwmL54r3\/aoD7LFNaejbu5Z5yaaB+\/pAxT3PWZ4CXw9RHuxbFp4sH4t3Zy9TNmjFexjcV7tGssLTOhIfO63XmuHPPSfhpeDDwSfeGh6tZfacYiTAmhayJg7JgEYsVEaPu0NMIOgQONCwYTKwLHDUY4ErbiCQ\/CEHMmRDAiwsVGBwQgTTnQOk1+AyUoA6GqHwHQlsp5CB0L8ggOs2J5smAoC7RQyoEJUlen8qw9IApMFWPAkFk0GCmiKzN1wsMaCReR\/II1bpOANY+gucswSu\/yoB\/5vb4WrXl4ajtBAPM8XX7VH+0xCcVps\/U6\/ddv+JqIVWMjfR6MIasCNoSX8TSZYW1ilfua53PVXsJOWgxDn7nEWFLaL00xYGb5s3HVNtYfBkVQowU0MTt1nebpCtfs1thhOnvssUfmFkRfcGeh81oULQRuScw3y5j+Kbd3iy22CBQ3zFm\/iwKhHdqnkHCzqjctfvAfgYDJwA\/98ArxmqAhOFO8MHfjVMaXgKRAKUxfucsJFW07+uijs2\/iveM5ISzcC+YbBUbdno0BxdPYokOeBxh7Rzmroinv1I\/euZMpJIQgxZNw4\/UotlddFDP5BMwfjRMaxpQSRUGg4JpP+iBdHvAD89QzRsyjxCulH9bH0QZXpPZKUwy8XcrVJ4JVPRQg7k80Ye7oP0WlmA9NwMpyhjHGi1ia0rzgBS8IlAyCDG2U26tc6YQyLVFGzD1zgUVHoElXFcpjA3OKJu9YE+1rLzy0n6IrLfpDX+ZAcWzUK10TD6ZIoSlzDi3LUw7qVL7xhDfjg9fF\/NOPqnmelwEL4+rzKXjjk\/g4emI1F\/HM84zmOiWEroEAEOK3PsECwgBYGKwNrgoglYlTHAIk7Gh\/wPXMYkQIBo5bRLqqvOINdq75mtwYlElqUmHuJrd05YDpmkS0R65n+UxAViPBKB+mUM6XP6sDkzKpEZc84mjCCLTcXm3D8NVrPagoSCkmhKGyq4S8tS3vBJjCm3WBWZksyiIArVFJUwyEBHcdQUvwUjR89oK50ixZjNIX25szOPF5YBVgchQrgl9f5NGfqjbn+VxZyIQ\/zRdzY5UQQBi29+VgPDELlov1agKfe4kiQxkjRJrGhoVAULOapIUXZfALX\/hCtuNdXLFOtEpLh4\/4qvYqgxavz9LkQfxIaR\/tsGrhwq2LUZo\/BDDhZazQsXXgvL78qv8UQ4oFj5B01tl9JYAevMvTFq\/ogXeBMEeT5huhzZIkRLTHnFUGLwZhWszv\/o477gj6rM3mjflOIfEpBzokoKTLA2HBXW6eieMpQcesLQochYwHpYwvHqBt8IEB69jYwYmiSHhy96MtngFll4M5qWz0oO8+DYOXOUFRQctVfdQvApIwsDcE\/ZjjFAyCgBDxvkwP+BUFA01pS5mWCCVjR2hrhzTloE6ei6qxIaDkL+fJnwl5XjreF7zMPKcc4a3mXZ6ueFVPKx5c7mcxf35vnHn+WKaUR\/RkXOrmuXwENa8KpcCzcaEkUJBgZf8PI867sQpTQugCA6Og4WIUGLPJK57Wzv3jneeqQHMl\/ExcE4QL0aAZEJOqKk8eh0DlL2q+JjJXMWsqT+eqbIRgEiNOFiqtzHoFhmCiYUgIjJCRpyogrPLaA5c4q5oWjBGX82GwGAamqs1FwcsFNWfOnHKWwWcKiUmM2dEABZOvaM1bzx3MULrBjLlsWC3cZNoAW2upObEXsxgHTF+cCWEMfELC+sLwMGzMBc5FrZnri4JgkhDcJg6rhhWFMbI2tt5668C1S5gqvypgyrRjDJf7UN8JYi42ChlmXZWPAma9Wn8JUGkxSmmtOWpPlWVhPQ79sXblq2ovfNGFssphNLTPWtVHNE+Jw9wJNPEEYbmu4rO0BIDxcC+\/\/nqmABfThlUPhBfrA+1IR3jwBFG+MGYCxrxJkiRwba7KNuSiDGNISTXWsOFirWOu6JXCk88zSialQH0sLwqc9pbxJfwxXnTA8iTw0CYaIijRFqFpLg5pYOHBvGY9mXswRoNoOkmS7GQw5RSSD7lVrzzmK35EMTN\/zEe4ldsrM8+CeUH5QbdVtET4S1sVjLtxJDTNkaqxyfMZc3wgfzb\/zGvKqfrxRJY9A4IxkKeruuKh5gB88Un91mflmf\/FPGgs5w+EOuWMUk8JoyihCVa8dhCgxbzFe320zIdnkBnaqm4WNeWaUmJpAG0U8432fsoIXdqdyWxNlHZDC0SAJiarrA4oGrUJJQ3XI42d8GJVcR3VWVEYEqZAkBAERc3XRKQhJckTOwlZTZgxRoOwWN8YsPKt2WEIFARrsU2apH6wELkFCTIMxaRUJ22acJVGIHi4ZtzngVVA6MlD8HKlSgOzPE3VleZrTZHwoxzQ4GHVZM3n5Zg4CBdhm6TWkrWdRmxS5+nyqwlnAptYcLWBAvFjkgSEsljZxb7Kq09c5NylI\/2Uw7iiI8qQ\/qmTYOeVwISMmbqqAhoksLnq4UzDx2CNNQZVlSePwwAIXHTiSpAQwrR3dJynq7qqV5uHS\/voHJPCaOFKGcSAxBG8+l1VH4y43bUVM80FKPyNKQFDoTKvyvnNN\/kph8V8XNkEkn6X8+TPmK35bGwotdqLUaJfnosmYcIjks8zgpBiakwIY7SvzXk9+ZWwwEcIeAKOADa+LFxKMQ9Tk7JqTuINLG9jmiRJ9oka4Q1jAj+vy9XSztVXX+02O1nK+CRJkm3kYUzwRlEsbHrUnizhqj\/6suo2+9qA0CD4CF6YtkNLxsb8Vj5FHG+DU93YGC\/zQ728O4SjdgqMCzTtHfqtwtc7Qb1opV0ebJzxP\/yBxwLf4zXQFvzTmjmBWeXuV18eYGh5C11Ji3bxOFgS3MrHr\/P0Y3WdMkLXQHAhAYZFhNCA57kpJEkSWDG0SgNlwBAbYdiUD6OziYHWS\/OmsdZpviwRFh3tVJm0L3EmrEmNIRDwBIw2SFMVaGXa2e7ag4nN\/YsYi+URCASvicIdx0pOkicUhGJajFRfCToMiuAkCLQX42OVFNNX3WMWhHSSJNn2f0K4zlqUH2Oj9ZrUGKqx4PahrLCIaLBVAsEmIcIcM8bAuJJNGhPaLk3uQ0JCHVWBJW89h8KVJElQJ8sLkycgCIpiPhOWizSPw2QFkxfG6Mhat\/EywfN05SumA1N0pL0UE3VTipram5czUtqnBFrDJIQIEm4+Cp+xMQZ5+cUra16\/XW3GQ1tw4a7EaPWb5aE\/yi7mRW8UVVh6L5+lEEIN7ZtPxfTFe2No3qA\/88ZYUhQw2XI9xXzuzW+KEMUpF7zo6JhjjsmszTpFCv9AE5g64W7u8URRGigVZaGprjxQZCxRJEmSucKNKSbOE8Iig3MIIUtOwYSNuYROCV6KbT4GSbJS8EpsrMu0RImldLDg4cmty11LcOAv8lFaW9GSMVU\/lzQeSrHlraE0VI2N9wQyBdf4yMu1y0MAU0qJuluFJBkeD4YNPo0\/4CXWtc0XSjIPGEUXlnX1mpfoBw\/G\/\/AKCgK6R8O8ovpFyaorYzTxXS10uVuAh5BZXJ4xa8AREkXCLoNEkNBqTCruGARJQJlMtPxy+vIzYcSiolEibO5IRDZnzpxy0uzzGwwUcyFEuJZ99iIP94jARVVuL60zL4zW63tUmiuBg8gwIS5LxMGyNsny9K6YqMnHHYU5issD5khrhkF5EudpXFkzGBSmpX7YYnwYhTqTpFpYG4t8bFhg+u8Z0+O+IkiVXw4YGsZMILB44WxSUEYIelaJtuf5MKv83pWbCTPmVjM+GKdyYIZJSFMXWG8YLNqBqbbAV3\/LebiajWHR2s5d2OKMF0ZkXVfd5fz5s\/YlSZIdVm\/iJ0kS7F5Hz3UYycsSsSPbDmcWArzbpX3LGsrQNjRIWbFmTfiyVpraaw3XHKFI5J4hQoLyaR6gpSRJsrOe1VEM6rJpyNigAXRPWUWDTQLMOMCWoFaeOQYfrsA6BUw6gbJnbqlLewleygLFgZIjTV2gtNp9y91IkUITdtByR\/syoi6feEtA5pd5gtcQtOrD2AVp8qBfhDTFgxBgPOARLFXeL3tLKNwUd\/jm+VwpeRQec1T7KMbwxYsIaIqxTabS1gU80D4L77WT0MJLCGrYs3a9qwrmJ48a6xhvwkPha86ycKvyiFOuNXJ0IF8rHlyc5+rkLTCvjSdlBn+wZsywYcSooypQLNCS8TO\/KLx4GmXBvGjFI6rKHG5c1wpd4NFyEBpLxCYKzBFjNikInDowEJlBko47jUbJBWhyYVzlfNZRTDYMMn9HE6RREkbcnwi8jnEYXGtI2ompcVPSHgXMrk5T16e8PhOTG4TlxTKlaNDGCH19MUEIizx9fi2ulZQFr++Gi5MYAWJO8iJsGjSGZeesvHYhEyiIFAOTriqUxwbjM5G52oxPmekUy8CgaNWYOI3bxGJhWBfjSi+2Vz7arXfuuZoIQ\/cEr7V8E5HiUP6UQ5pyMC5ow5hg5rA1EcuTWHswYy7dYhnyUJQITe5Eru7i++I9rK1ZUcQwVXRsbGFk+YByUUxfvseUbQBiQWG0rEsWOppuon1jgUHKY\/zRO2VK+fIVFRpx5YDGWAI5o0ML+oGG87FRBkZczqt82GG48tl3QUkieMtp82ftJYS4LLlICXzzUBsonXmdefriVT2sGgoKBdEc5fJnDZm7xbxoluCizFJm0AFcjAkBxP3IitT+JqUkr58wRA8sRYq2McboYZCncTXPKNv4A4UmSVZ6WMw11qv1fnzOtdheeQVuW\/GsP+UQzjY0svR4fRgTFCRpqwKM0BI64v2SF01QjlnOdiuzCPO8Rc8OngRPtOqK\/xp3GCrTfTF9XoYrryD3vTajffN9kAe\/732SDAZjg1YodyLxXLwzSVZ6AIwvYU95VJ40ebB8BntKvDhjiSbMP\/0zzsaKYdLOuCpjtKErhS4tx3dmBp1GSUsx8Q02oqkTfsDC1BEY4G0CIQhp6IQqJkRzkq4YaE8ELyauLpqS97QiA4rBsjbENQWaLO2O4KFFY64EJ0FWlY8bTl36ykJAFOKUYfJTFhARBsgtWS4DYbG2tI2QJKAQbFFrzPMQcCa9\/sAVIZvQmLk0MLLuzELAjGAhvhzgK79QHBtrLhiLtbBynuIzJsRCJfDUyWWFeXHrYebFtO4JGpOG4DVOMBEvsIgIMQzTc1XAULiAMRnWAa2bO5LwxjDLCoL+wVBZZQtA+5SF4cAbY5CuKsAG\/fCqqAdjRr9ckhhMVR5xOe0bL7TBlc6NrhxtbaJ9CoR6WJZoXxthh4bMG246dZQDxozmWCUUPNYQ1x7MtYMViPHn+aQ3XpREApJiS7kgKK3hE26UOAKNcMjzuaJZVyFnlKx42LICMUntJoSq5qp8AuWRsPZ5l3mXK17GpKggSCsYA\/OEkkaAEQjcpCxqigz6ZTFHNc0AABAASURBVLU2KW\/ayZtDIaYY4wvcoO6rsNU\/Y2GuwcmYmMdJkmSH65j3xht25r52CgQZOnRfDNpNOaGYiDcOrnVBnaxiHg\/eKMLTWBpTSznmAqwpC8rgRjbm5oxxQHNowTs8wRzCL9ACIUixquJtaJz7mZKMZlm5FEg8uYoH6wdaMZ4ELxoyjupNkiTgiRRdZYnLg3YaV0IbzzU+eJp+qdv4EvTSU+BcxyN0ndBFhNxwXBcGnPDCNPLdak2gsfq4pBAZZkyDRBQmVZNVQktm2SIWEwShWuOhrdGsTGzWbFPd+TsMwARGaBgJQZS\/y68mgwmpr4QrgY\/YCBHMQ70sDukJbZqi+3JIkvbWSkxiEwqj4V5F1FxSJhtBZCJSSuCtDZipCVquL8cXU5O23bExqXKmznpkhRBsuQeBMDWRy\/V5lle7CWvrkpgFRmfCc2eajNJVBYxDX3gJrC\/S1HNmzurFGIr54GSyc0NTTig0GJyJTWHxOQjGgHkW8xFs2leM0ydCEGNgJXAjsm7KgryYBz2gfW1Dg4Qu4cdKwJhZcsX0xXv95K7EHFlD+sqCp+Cw7CkAxfQERy4A0RuM0TpaYz1wdcKDMCmPjX5ZG+dihInxsHubQMHQ0ax223dRrFN\/KLXiWEn6a81WHnHeW4c19wgYcVWB9WyeoGEbAGFqnLTBLucyTuiUR8ccNicpuJQ9fWUtmq\/azANTrI9ypp3iMHb8RB6KPPpIkmTwJycJE+nyYD4RAIQTLGDIKiVA4AR7ChyPTZkOKbTozHJAXl5+hQsaNne0KY+vuqJLWFqCgi0ehx\/ZgwEjfaOEyEvIezavKXZc5WjOxjb8Vxp5KEZoiRDLx9K7PKA9GOd1Ub6Uhwez7PN0xSts1Ecp1W\/KCJqisPDYoBO0Wcxj\/NEw3uykO3QDL3yFQiitOcd4oAx6Hq8wQqE7Xs0L2Q8NYKA0KITBNWRC5C0wKQ0ADbxs0dBkuEwwY4RhkrCIcyImXLgvMZ2iJpmXnV8RiYnLQqYNGzgaMOLk0kAUedp2rtqJ0TcRGa0RQZqsiI2ViYi0lcDFtOvqYvmavNYVCXeT2eTGeGin5Xzc2MrM4wlgrmUWCWWGdm\/CIWxYEFDSYobFsSnj2zQ2RcFUZuqYkc8NWArwVldVwKxMJO0wjvIZF+uw+mOyJUn1mjMhmNMSxUZaAhpjxmjzPhbrpaDBgMfAWqr8vAY0ZwJIPzDnosaNsXGtE3DFsjARCg1hyIVqjLgvi2n0q4iv+oq0T2hxuWLClNBi3uK9OihEhIbxpCygJTREQBTTujdv4Mny8Mx7wDLQL\/TEKlGeNFW0r6\/yaLu1QkxRWylvXJcEtbYoOw\/6ai6x8q1vorNcEU6SJBBClCQ453nqrgQaOsCQWTfSmW\/mkXZ5Lgb1UcaLccbZHIIBoVDlAiekc14ir3HgwSBs8Bn9Z0GaB94XA8WAcEySlfSJdsx3dGeNVl4CsMiX0Lu5aZlF3\/AE9F8s1z3PB+Wiamy8ZzhwoaMddENwUnR5sbiT9R3+5r306Ee\/0L1dw+IIKnOGp4Xg5kGRR7z37l0pqJQIbTXn7YOgaCZJEvBUBoa+UOLN31DxHw8DixS\/NYbGRP8ojPAq81E0oi\/mHYXKXIcdhZNyjK+gP\/1u4i8VTRmTqEktdGkrNEZaCuuJxml9gjWDSAhBhEtAlN1UNCqDRFs0SAQOJmFN1WAZCAySNk5Da4UmBong1ZMkSXAqi7Ja5at6j7hYvOV3CDC3cCkLJq6JiInZnEAzwyBokuW8+TOL2ESiaJhYrA4bk+rWq+XDcPLJ5JnAQrCIEwOzGYOlkyQrGYQ0VWNTxrdubGjNFALlCBhhmanrIy0VY5OmKhDMFAwutSRZub5DOSCYjFcd02EdU9Qwde4ztEShY1UQKEVGV1UvLR4DgoG0XOHailF6LuYxfpQRilox3j3hxvUIC8wDExIvKLsV7bO6CRMCW566AAdLGRiRNOge0zeuOXMUnweWNE8QSwbTsvZFAOgLAZRbJVV5lYGps57Ua84aI4ybsokBo0\/p8gB7FhLBKg7NsRjl95wzS8KLQBFXFcwf8caA8gR3uFI08Qhz3vtyYB1SPtBO8Z0+Ny2H8JglSZL9zi9GzwqEFwWfcmNZpFhe8R5dE8g8RzZcaSvMKEOEiKWVvP95Ps+UNc94AsWcMCsLXnNHWukEZRfTWP5A5\/gn+qcEoSEKRF6+fIJlFrTCs2J+83AUeYU5Y1zwZ+mLgYCl2BGQ6FQ+Xh0WOL4rrbGhJKvbc1XQfsJRm9EKwUvpNW\/El\/NQjikPxhQNG3t5jQkPD6FfzjOez5NW6NJ8EYRBN9EMej4wJgktJReoZcAwcEIK8dvwYtBzBoFIgM9tgjmU89Y9m8gGkxCTxqRxLYbR3psoJhLmRptFXJg7JiTOBhjxdfUgaoQurfbJT0FBtCzmujUw7klCNmd6yjf5THyT23MxNI1NK3zVwfrLNWLl1jF1eHhfFTBYAsukokQZ6yRJsuPxiuNdzmv8uNClIexzWrLmYzLCqZyn6jkXvNx4XKkYNszLaSkwxpCbtSx4KYaYFUaGtvK8Tfjm7a2j\/bwMV+OuTkycpwOjE0e4w83ckK4czBUbfsw\/6QgSeWDeyiqBIYucB8CSAcWAMoLpcgti0OX6lM3Sw5DRB4uflUlAE2aWHARzsJiX8uRZHgqqtlJULItYf8agzSfCgveCxSR9OVjPzoWzOZS\/58Gow6iYBoMnPKTXPwpdlectz+NK0Nq8w4LjBtdeGLGW0VYV7aMRyjpcCVFzU\/8IXl4pdKPsclCepQt5vJMONqxUvBUvpAixcL0vBv3XJ3HmNizRaxEnykV5bIwDutdGbaaoGeckWakcM4gIRfNR2VUBvQnabYx9AQEnBhSvCaW5Kl8ep151ELrW+MUzwNCX+4kKk1boYspANnlNflamTTM5UJgP7diEyePyqzjWDm0IMWIEJl3+novW4HGX5XHtXE0k1lU7aUeapmjhqo\/gRCgEY5mw8zoQpLUrkxKDI4AwWPkJE+snedqqK20RY5WX8JAGA+EWJDQ8F0OrsanD1xgqt8pVZ0KaYK2Yur7mDNZkZClgHhiuPqCLKoal\/Zi09UjuMMoIxiNeHszLcoPndgNmxrrhBYB1XT7veB6Kghe2LJIqS6oVvtpbR\/t5G7isrVNiNuZPThvWxNBHni6\/ojHY5s+sYAwR04It9yGPUyurhGClGKJj46k849HEJNE1y5Ylas5rh30UmKO6eTKkUVYeeEswbs9cn7Ak+KyvY\/jKYKlav2MpEzpwk74qsIDQOu8V4U+Q8ZYkyRPenWI+bmubpuCCBhkF6ucJwOR5xIrpq+4JNEKPEuo95ZrL1n1TIBytz6N\/Qo2BwYtBUa7KBwcCXp\/k0Va0z+WKr8BYu6vyiiO8XIVc8CrDWJtTxte7YrBUk9NOTovqkiZJVirHrM+qvNIolxJiTjM2GBIUAzRIueU1ka5V0Pa8HfbGoKO8Ha3ydur9pBW6SZIEGrfJS\/AaYGs+ofCfdaLC4+BtkiSBQKVpsUIw9NxKlgijA7774QQan00Ww8nTbloWCKsEkRC02m4Scjdb52pygWMymCuNlVChjWJIlA4MsI6w87Z5Ly1CJ0C4W63FcEnnaYrXJEkax2YoviH7j4sKk+L+Vk8WWfgjTt2tmHoVg2WVsRwoW4Uih9xaD0QLNl9wefGUEL7oinCoo6UhhVQ8UFjaoaWi4CUEjav+VhQZkiRpxDek\/7VqLyHKk0N4oR2CRBx8y+1lOfAaaA9ljXeJwGZ1oUd5WGR1TD1tzuA\/Llfrthg8YaSvFI4qQT+YKb1h8VOqc8HLBUl5M17anyYZ\/Mf6ZUFzxRKuxpOCQLnWT8swhKz5yioUp+zBAmpueD8o6eiC9VrXX20rb5oiCAki3iG0XFPFatGWmigKlA1zlSBeLVEaoZ\/c9JaKLNsYExhrL0XZnDWP06SV\/whniqU8BC\/6saZrjAmzykw1kQQvWpEPj65KliRJQDs8LBSqssKDvpraq63c3jDBu9GsZRyKguWRqjr1ixJkaab4Xjt4HyybtOvJKuYf6\/tJK3TzjhpUgpc2SBgBFNHn7\/MrwYMw82dXlghhkm9ssIYhfqSBVjrSvE35ck2Q4MSkuD1ZMphkK62MwLCj1cYR2qW1LGuF1hhphfBrqjt\/R1D6tMOmKgwAE6as5O8JS8wuf3ZVdjtjIy2Cx7gJPpsZtI1bGWNmYdjYYLykzQNmkt\/n1zoGayNGnsYVvaAV9wIlgltZXZiA\/rJqaM1Nk1\/esQoEL2FPiLSjvLWLLwGTCzUWj2D8MRsY2BBDSKmXMlruDy8QQcUq9J67ngCiCBpzDJM1VYcTpZjnwAYg9VAY0Y65h8lheBSAvF5tQmtcypRE8cZFu3N6ImztNajyirDaCTkeHF8UGENWqXVjc8n6JCtZuWiZV8v9SIM2EvCUkbwMwooCmPMWXiIuahgQyHm6dq7yWC6oE7jKMKcpl5QLSoSlImMCM7Tcztjgf4QZwUvB12ZYKX+4QZsJwlb50CCLlTUNF8ZAUx48nNJi\/Kw9G1PpuZIphIS956pALqAr2JTf4zVophw\/Ec+TXugCJWc+iN5OUxNafB6sL2AQJr5By+NdMXIbimwKUo64yRYIV0ypaJVwX5UtXGtSGFyx\/SabNRWuW4wWM6c5Y5TeFdOO5t6EydfYiuXAFKOsG5s8bZIkwVhgyKxLE55mipnR4DHo8iQ2nt4pw5ozIclirWOw0gkErjYVLRVCX17WE7xozZjYeE9E46If2tlOaIUvoYj+CUqWnnHifmfFmCesWIoYIUroVtWZJEngwoURzCzNOBCFwLM+y8NUpCX4Wo\/Oy1InWiU49I81wuLlBSAYlUeo5unNYeVhqNZfeUAsj1Cy9JdCBiPWb57HlVLKYyI\/4cOlTNEkeM17iqLNNYSfvsuTJNXuYe\/aCTC1LGA+YvjmqbItK3B9UnbsEUFT2g8vfW+n7GIagrP4XLznKbDswjq1Nsq1CjNtK1u4FBquZDuFlVEeG+3XdsKQci\/NSEJTXgoCwZmXqy4uYnO5qZ94G0veer7xxCPkoSCgccpVXmb5SqEwn21G46lAI+ZGnq4pb55mvK6TTugSLCwiu3SLIJiMwKxiktbArMkgBIzagBXz0oztoiwz9WKa8bofjlVSbhPtuoyLNCYhtxwixRDhJH4sA9eZyVAneNVZNTblNuSCl5DlGvP5CuZeHhtuIm5y9GDimbg2LdGare9UMVh1wQGtsPxZXeIELjHryZQzCgLFhDDxbrIEfR0u7aNtAs+6NmZq1zGFA0Mm7Fh6PETmRqt+skqNA28H959yMbJyPuuJhAAm6Z2NOawSAjBJkkCYWh9nqRL45TLQifnKa0E5sIyBsVIcCFbx0ig7DzZHEq76yFNh7ZOXxDqqseQhQkc2+cAkzzeaKwHGqiToYGEJg0KRl8m1IadhAAAQAElEQVR9zYrnwTAHKRLS5e9He8XHKCNw5aXRbzTMyqTcwEmdeT3ay+tFEOcYVI2NvGV88zJGeyXseLJ44IplaSvLvNje4nv3vqtnNOA1vBMEKXwpM3i8NFWBMk3ZQTvGwf4BfIpXrSr9RMdNOqGLKdKQLbITMkWA+PiLz+V77jHMpSx4rZvQisvpx\/uZ5kVjw1wwRVpoO1aJPPKaKDZFIGrPxfZjugSNj72L8WN5z4KoE7ytxqbYDoI39z5Yrym+c28jCqZOeFofxOgIYdoqAWJ8TbQyg6Vw8GiY2MZcWcVAcHM9seiq6i2mnYj70dA+pYKSgllheIQRBY1VVoVFXf8IXkKEwC5aK8X0dhJjolyGBC+hgGHKQ0iJk57r0ppeleUHf9YsWrZux+3+m9\/8Jpi\/xl3+YjBmFDsWOEFOyFtSUj4lg\/cjt+6K+UZzj9mzzCgusKAg2mdhtzEG7z3Gnm+asm46mvrKefEHfNB4mHu+kbZvw34A2KLzPA+By8rjXudmzce8bmzyfGN5Ne6UA+Od15+XT8EttjePhyOviT5RzghtWDMgKDA2fKGTPH3VFW\/gFUHvluWkkZ8y536yhUkjdFkf\/P1cjjQ8hI6B2AjRCjQDZ1cmLTAXvCxbgq1V3vF8T\/tESAQkjb1dqwSDwWgIWgwVc6HJec7bj4lhhurI48bqWsTX5Cd4ad3ca8aqXA+XMTeyCSRgUuU02kmwsqyK7\/SP69carTpYroSJqzUdDMiObO+L+dxzsVNiMGPlOAfZRLRTWB98q0ox0QfpJ0vQN7Q7Etrn9uRqhDnBi7asaxkbgreMbzt9ZqWy6qqYpPysYO5ia8UEL1cvJmcHLBrkapUuSZpdu2gWQ+W+xTgpRHUucOUJyoeV9IQzZdoGOu1psobkHW5gObPIjQ8Fj9CDDYUPv0mSJKDj4ZbbKr05xcKFMyUyV9IJJeOrXZSpvBweBXRvcxX8KCYEl\/faVzU23o1VyNvrqr08D7wd7ZRPqWHZwphiBV8eMN4sRz8ywOrKoWjotw1dlD5zHl\/AL9G98uryTmT8pBC6GDNGyVLh+wc4IK3tsG6aAGIF0oZ8FkCQmZAELwKoYxpN5Y31O4Rg3adYLuZIkFAqvMccCQcTqawhyseVCguCFoOj5RJ8nvVXnHSdCFX4ElrW6tSdJEMZK3eWcdQ+lps1NhaCtuWMwL1+Ypjui8GYYaZcehhsUfCiE2e\/soykK+ZzD1dua8G6MaEuWBPDNAki62LSTqbAtcq13A7tYzT6of0sGtYQjHwWYQ6x+HhEbIhiNUo33FC2SownBaZYDuWHi5fgZY1h\/MbLhpckGUoTxXzle4LXuOlLu5aietAeq44CWi5zLJ\/RIkuaZc+tTgg41IJgg\/NY1VVUoI0jJdH8tnnT5ic8wmZGQrdM+8aLIE6Sld\/AlgWvuWashjs27fYtby9PhDy8HfZgWCrB38QVAz6gfyxcCjE+Yc7i+0my8le2eLfKc9X8z8vBl7iUeUPFc0OTGXgo\/pSnm4zXSSF0uQQITrv3TEJaCmsH8HXbw3MwTXbaPiZg8rMIMVwauHLydBN1ZYHYiUnwapcJa10XozGB2rFKTHybrAgyE9EERVjWdmixFIxO9a8OXzteq5gOzdpOWAzC5CecMQXtsy5ngrhvJ+SClzBKkiSwoChU8KjLz3XNyqbEwJf7EUbcgKyqunwTEU+7J9Ds3HasYju0z73ue8N8zDGd8i5a\/Rwr2tc+eDoJDva5gkC4Y5o+rbG2ypthDo4ER9ZNFS01lUXwsgY7qXDm9aM3ghcW5vJYe9B4aCiTyiWkrMvyyHAN42fc2JZZbALM21S+EqjikuQJwctKZ5UTct6NZbCjW3lV7VWnTXVopqwg5J7L3MJFx+7RtT0bdoOzUM0J5eeBFxQdSi8Oz6cI6TdFiBeLguI997Y0kzWMu9C1sy0Hw046gXsMs7ZhxjtAciXaLeg5D4QV4eXZVnmBdoMZY7I2NhBmdmC2qzUrq1OBIkFY6gcXEW3euheC4YbRVsymlVWCuTjDVtpc8NL0rVH6LrBM2CPtD\/emNssPT590cN0NB1+bl4ynk7EoQVxHLARja1clF6Ly2w0Er80RLEGTrJ2+5oKX9mx9GDOzeaTdOscjHYGLgdtdjKkSuGi7jvbzNlFiMCDLL0mSBN4dlq+8+S5aQiJPP9orK4kVQTGmMKqbUOfKzF2I6hU32rqGm5\/SOVbKRau6YUrp0E9u9Fbp233vkA\/jbxyVi77NN4K4+DUCweJdO+UmyUrBy+rDX7W9nXzDSUOxth6Pp1W1l+Arjw3eIs66OAWtaOHyyuAPTk8rW7jaRaBaL8bzPW+33XbB3g6GGmXIoUW8nfJ7P5nDuApdFprdpxgwoWEim9BcZNytCMQONy7KsltZXi4FwgsTlYc\/3+BjWAbUpAC6MNGg0\/bsAuVioQywumh5NHPaqz5we9LoEGJdeykpsCIQWZ20XcyG9UZYtzsR68ovxtsIwUUES0SsPjsBaY\/i2sWXgHM2NcZhfE0Mk4Y2S6st1tnq3u5W7ukyPbTKR\/Byy0mHmblOZMBYy\/X7EQ8KIkuekoIZSdPUV98b8v4Q2gSvsUFfcMbIKCjKGOtAsBLslAJrdgSCuilDw9lEN5btwqjHsrxWZVljpfi2Stfue0oLLwULDm\/L8xlD42uOEyjmZP6u3WuSJIG3byzbq+7cwkWj1uJ5I9tpL4uY54tXhOeLsoEX4Am5hUuhw9\/UkwfLKXDyTKjiBe7V78ATdM\/rxvMivhvCuAld2jjGY+3JQNGUERPBg+i413wQbct41VofS7huExIhziJStvW+iQbed7cIyGYUhIEZsmoJS0oD5uUdFzrLsK69mBrhjMCsSWJu3Cgm0lhauHn9sGel+uTAMYAsGy4ugpdyMBx8YWC8jQehq+wm5SJvQ\/lKi0YntPbyu1bP6mOZtErX6ffcexQWzAPzsaRgF6p7a23WwAhQSk65LdzxlNE8Hi1Qwrg7MWbzCA3xnOS7aPO0Y30leI2rwJJhqWOcY11PL5Rn46hvjnmCGBzmd1HwUtK5mEfzNYIdvWOFJeVKWaxTn26xvPEFcxONcvfXtZdhVJy\/dsibm5bb8Eb7LhhKZQuXEWApBT9yZXjhS9Z+tYUbGu9n3BDm4rohdFLoDuk\/i82GD8IIkdF6aEpAp+3YbWzwCJQhGQsPvtvyXv7yJiRuDgypkHzCbhFmUWNLkpUbSwhejIvg1VaEV9dIeLEUpeGCZCmyNjFujG4sLdy8DZQh5fp8w+cH6uPO9JmSsdHmPG2rKwFAoBA27lulb3qvTU3v694Np711ZYw2nrJJO7embMkEzdPOeTusz8NVHbwWGI+NJZ4FQti6HMWHgMOkKGzc7N4RvMZIGUmyksbk62RAv6wUoZP1TPWyKaI8FPqJL+BpRcHLe0eQMTakmchg7d4eDW3gXbBTGM2xcAlefJ1nrKq9BKTdyASv\/HkgeAlRG+EsBRb5pTQsXFfKKQ8hr6ZNe\/bI2LnuXbeGcRO61jVZZ1weueDF5O1yS5Ik0NjtwKsD0uBZ17RhA5HSBFkMmJqdfYRTXd7xjrdjlxJQrpeFYI0XAyU4y+\/zZxaQtWquHBaFTwVYmjZT2JyQpxvLKyK3hmvdnHuY4KVhEvLGjrJTV5801neK77mXTU7LCTbKFN\/10j3lCd2zSrkL0TDBSqvHsIypXZi8Gtb7uTBzfLjheBes97F4MD6uNJ9E0O6t1bE0msYmL2ssrxQxVs1YltmLZdmTkfcbTyN4Wb6UK96R\/N1EXtElb5X24LXcuGiSdxJPtjxiExivWFU70Sb3MSWNN6aYBp+hPBbj3FMkfRaIdzC0eD4tZ8hPQPuUyD4XabsxjJvQJUisc1oMxyhywYsBGcxW626EgoHlpszdlgaUhUD7mkzgs0rt8iy3iYtmvfXWC00KAgHmKDRC27qkvrIYraNxsbQ6i7lcZ7vPJhBNklIkj7VnViors0lBkJagsDxQ7rM1mMk2Nto7noHCQujClVuYR4dLzDizFFi7FKwkSQI3c7lt8Ld04hMLG9N4Pexcz5mVJYdynk4\/T0Sdne7TZCif4EUv6IFCNdFtYoUmSRIIVnyX0YBX595Jws9JYARhU3ttxvMVAcGL9glyQtwnXzZqlvvJC8oyZg2z\/u3zwWPwKEt0FNfJ4MUqt7vd53ETugaLS8UpITR8Lgmbg2jxhGerBtvxK0hncwHrwHpdkwCTdiIC5YBbkMslr9\/GLy6j\/LnqihgRKIKk8dLmEGpV2rGOs6uYC0e52oHAWTNNYyONNWCaKMHi2cYxCpJyYgihrGwSvCxeWjyLJncxNmGFbtA6LwSLGXPmdmvKE991JwKEymTgafgOV24RRUsL1qHtMyF4KZD4XDFN3T2+RvBaarF3x4l0BHlxrbeYFz\/y3nIM6xqfMWfwRu+62Xs2bkKX1UMzsiZFwwe8dQGWahHs4r2B54plIUtP42EZWBObLNpgsb35PbcJYhFMIgKJm8SaXZ6meEVI1i24dGHjsyBY2SjgO8xi2rG8p8QgZpPLSS40T6fu2LDG89CkvWqHMbCxwS5czyxjyhUL3fMwwpRNCo+yssnKpXjaCdxux3PB6zMJ3qF288V03YXAZPEM4Un2IVCkiwha5rBnRRz+wMp1306QFj+nmHOlt8Mn1GGpyqd\/lhGngkLfUaFr4AgcO3jds5y4ymhIXK3cmXWDRdDSpqS3dmsHJ02Hi42WNBm0wbq2i\/ebl9YyuEkoC4Sa+DywfGHi2VoqtxKrkgeANcS9bGMC94o0Yx2Urw3qs0ZjndAaLs3VTlrH6tXVSViz1igStFE7GU0IG4XknyyMo6794xlfp2xSrobbDoLXaWSdWmIYbnti+qmLAIXQuq3NemXBmyTjs2mviG6SJAFPYtAU47vxvmNClxvM5hoCF0O2jmsgCVzfGdoY1AQYF4I1BOsKhALhbWMOZtVN\/nyMstxPFiW3OkvfO0LKaU2sfpYmxcKnQd51MrCifSfoFBiuZYKUVdZKobF7kMLEMmfJGU8eCO2mmXayzd1QNgWRYuhwDmM6HGVzSP8qHuJ6agUoMaojCOAFDAdHXjrqkZGAB5d3Gnek8ilcaMeELmZsQ5AzW4s7NVm4TbuUHRBgQwlXhB8EYI3ZNs\/iJbSnwljYtejgBlasnXoOPPBZDo2SW1df61zRo+1\/bqU6cYrgN05c\/tZrfBPbVL60lChWMmuLkLbr3MYGmx9sIGvKP1Xf2WPgs4q8f7wGFBCeABtNHJVoPYty0krZzMuI14jAZECAkkcpZyjgWfhUN6+nTgZMx0To2nhz8cUXB99d5Z2y88yagM8grGGxUFm7BE6epnxl+dmt67MIbk\/PBpj\/n3bVygIrlzfZnn1364Nvhxn4dMj5pH5cnOC1ocCmGx+Kc0XbeNCJ9petVBt5rJFz5Rujujq10Qf9FCLjSfO1gcrWn4K5DgAADZ9JREFUfsLWLtu6vFM93jGXxs3Y6qsT1eDlszbY2PTEc9OkbMoXQ1sIxETjjIB5jnfbh2AX8ThXP+WqGxOhmyRJoOlbl+QKth4LKcKFNcTV5vtam27EVwUMiwDCvAlsA0zwcs9ZK2RJVeXrlji7\/mxasmNVmykUrPmPfvSjgUvZrj5CmOVY5ZKWZzShzkq1Kcc2\/lYHWFgWIGy5wvXDOrQNEbwY1qJH07Zuz2vt3YEVPgtCx3aeE7q+Q+cREN\/t9NvtYxTbHxGYLAiMidDVmVzg0uZp9gSID\/gxIcLTupZ0VYFlQNg6Z9e3npg7q8uOZUy9Kk+3xdmJTEgRcDZX+RzISUO+ubSBicVY9BSMtn+8D3kZBMBIrVTjp11OAOPm9yG8sSJIKEfdtL6e4zHWV9q\/TR7WueECM3SLnq2b2+U91nXG8iICQxCID12DwJgJXScnWX8ldG0LJ3gd5sAN6USTOkRsuHLYO4uYS5X70ilVvkl0nma3u5TzfidJEmyRtzFB36yj5u9gZmc2V2QeN9qrzQ95GSO1Um1ic0QnS5z3gpufADZGPpjvVQvXGq69Cjm+rtzzDjEheK3nUiThZLex9zFEBCICEQEIjJnQTZIksIRYVFyVBIkzhn3Ur6KqYKOJz2MwdULbpzVcrqxklnEn3KxV7RjPOIKXtUixsLvbh+bWTMZKuSAQ7DK0sxi2hMNIrFTubq5wbn7rldzedpMfc8wxwQEn3P7jidtkqQu+PqVwHKfvknlmbA70Ab8lFpum5syZEyynEMSTpd2xHRGBHkRgUnZ5zISu3hGUNgO5F5q+qbKW6EQqrme\/roFZWf\/CyLhix0oIacdEB4d8cDPm7SB4MW6eAK7aPH6011wg5J\/tOAPaBggCdDhWKmv27LPPDg4qt5ucUsAT4Rtcxw\/2qoVrfHhjbDzzs5ROHnOcKcWSUmJZRBo7wcW5jyEiEBGICBQRGFOh64zem2++OQjFSsr3NhE5BYl14OALgte6I0HL2sXYynm69dmZxARVeSMNrwALUp\/Hqm\/WiVmjNp4pE74+WSEsWbwUmlZWKpcyActFyi1tV7pPgqzdOjSj6qxUdfVaIFgtEfiMzbnYDmS3js7q9ZlFr+ER+xsRiAi0h8CYCl1V+gUSG2zc1wVWAiHr42tM3KknGD13nF2gdfm6Md6RaQ6eKLvKKRYsyLHoEwvX5h2bsmDre18btpTtRKRPfepTgWLD2m5lpdpxq202e7HC7VS2Bu3wjibPhbp6LRC8lBzB8oi9DBTPXsMh9jciEBFoH4ExF7rl73AJ16LLWdMwcpZeLhjsVLZhh3va+6kQ\/CoMi55bl6vR+rZNY6yhsewfgYvZO7BCudbEfed83XXXhRxfgtfGqvKBG3ke+bjAlaN9TpfSVpu+lM9SbqVIKaMXA8ELO6EX+x\/7HBGICAwPgTEXuuXqrSdywTnA3733LCjCyHF53Ml2eoqfKsERjnb7+qFy1qVfhcGc7ejW59b9bD8FTH2uAk\/Wrs+0dtlll0CJ4dp2EpL1cyfJFEslJPK2aCsvg5OwuPs9Oy2LW9wJVmXXeLGceB8C785UUhjjmEYEIgKdQ6DjQpd19Td\/8zfZb8j6FpUgssuTlYXJOzB\/rNysnYNpeCVbB\/UjAH5hyM5hp0D5AQT3Y73rd+uttw6Ob\/SpihOQfDNqnZjFa+cxK1dcsQescOu+NnKJd1oSF6n1XIebOOfaOqXxauWOlr\/XQ1zD7XUKiP2PCLSPQMeFbpIkmcC1gYfA5fr0qYxPLuz8nEpMnSvdUY9veMMbAuvSZ1N+7IGblyAU2h+a4aW0+5sl7YQrFq\/cXPhc2+6LgTvfT8QRvj5fct5z1TnXk219stiHeB8RiAhEBLoRgY4LXaBwvflEhtXlXGEbp2z4mUon9dxyyy3hO9\/5TmA9brbZZsFnOwQbd6++OhITFp0MBK8D9X1LazNVU51c\/Fz7LFy\/hqNdU+mca\/2JISIQEYgITDYExkXospjsfMXUAcAC43Z2PxXCihUrgrVbVq2DEViQjgF0ljSrdzz7yF2v3nY8CLngdS6zgzCsO5955pkhruGO54iNtq6YPyIQEegmBMZF6AKEEPrhD3845JeIxE+FwKo977zzgp90mz17drBG7WewnM413gKMICV428VVejurHVDSbp6YLiIQEYgIRARGhsC4CV3Cx4YeVu7Imjr5crFondy0aNGiYAOSk5x8HuUTG27eTTbZZPI1uqJFvuEt726uSBajIgJdg0BsaERgsiIwbkLXOmc7Ls\/JCpR2OWmLUHXPMrRxyjr1+9\/\/\/jBt2rTsTGI\/8OBXgygY3LbSTvbgcy67qyd7O2P7IgIRgYhAtyMwbkK324HyzapPnRynqC+efcPq+1ZHJtqZffXVVwfn8vpJt49\/\/OOhauewvDFEBCICEYHxRyDWOBkQiEK3zVHgKn7HO94RWK82Tdl57fvYu+66K+y6667BARh+7s5nQT6\/IXTbLDomiwhEBCICEYEeQSAK3RYDnbuT82S+L3YOMcHrPGUuZj8kYDe2IJ3zpF1jiAhEBCICEYHJjcB4ty4K3QbEnV98wAEHhOc\/\/\/nB6VJcx35p5957782OWSR43\/e+92WbqJ7znOc0lBRfRQQiAhGBiEBEIIQodBuowIlSF110UfD9rcM9CF3n7PolJOdJ+7bVcZZ+9q6hmPgqIhARiAhEBCICGQLdIXSzpo7\/H8LUqU7WaH\/84x8HZ+xav2X9Ws9985vfnJ08Nf4tizVGBCICEYGIQDciEIVuG6NG8B566KHZEY\/WePv6+trIFZNEBCICEYGIQERgKAJR6A7Fo\/aJ4H3Na14TrOn6offahOP3ItYUEYgIRAQiAl2GQBS6qwbsD3\/4Q\/j+978fli5dGlizDsJY9Wrw4sjEY489Noz1z\/MNVhBvIgIRgYhARGBKIxCFbjq8CxYsCH5tx3rtJZdcEr73ve8FO5PTV0P++d3ZjTbaaEhcfJhkCMTmRAQiAhGBSYxAFLrp4LBsHd\/oXOh11lknHHHEEYGATV8Fh1\/Mnz\/fbQwRgYhARCAiEBEYFQJR6KbwcRe\/8pWvzL7F9QMGX\/\/614MjHv0mrXs\/aJAmi\/8iAt2KQGx3RCAiMEkQiEJ31UDst99+2fe4frxg1qxZ4cYbbwznn39+cAKVX0halSxeIgIRgYhARCAiMGIEotAtQMe63X777cNRRx0VDjrooOAn+l784hcXUsTbiEBEYMogEDsSEZgABKLQLYDuxwre+973hs985jNh4403LryJtxGBiEBEICIQERg9Aj0rdB966KFw++23D0HQKVOHH354ZuVGC3cINPEhIhAR6A0EYi87jEBPCl07km+66abshwrsWs4x9qtBjnjccccd86h4jQhEBCICEYGIwJgh0JNC9\/LLLw9+fu+www4LF198cfjpT38a\/HLQmKEaC4oIRAQiAhGBqYPAGPakp4Tuww8\/HE455ZTg86B11103OBTjYx\/7WDjvvPNCPNpxDKkqFhURiAhEBCIClQhMaaHLovWtrZ4\/9thj4bTTTgs2Ss2ePTtssMEG4b\/+67\/Cl7\/85fDJT34y2LUsXQwRgYhARCAiEBHoFAJTSOiuDpHTpf7t3\/4tELxz584Nnh3xKOW0adPCySefHA4++OC4UxkgMUQEIgIRgYhAxxGY0kLXWcrHH398eNvb3hYef\/zxcMIJJ2QuZadMPfroo2GrrbYKz372szsOcqwgIhARiAhEBCICEJjSQtc6rfCjH\/0ofPWrX80sXu7le+65JztTGQBTPcT+RQQiAhGBiMDkQWBKC9277747DAwMhM022yyceuqpmeA966yzwnHHHRd23nnnyTMKsSURgYhARCAi0BMITEmhS9D29fWFZzzjGeH000\/PPgeyW9mvBz3vec+Lv4fbE6Td1Mn4LiIQEYgITAwCU07o+hm+c889N7zlLW8J999\/f7aO++53vzt7dvjF85\/\/\/IlBOtYaEYgIRAQiAj2PwJQTuhdddFG2I\/kd73hH8A0uC\/ecc84JZ555Zth77717fsAjABGBOgRifEQgItB5BLpa6HIhn3322eH1r399eMMb3hAuvPDCbK3Wucreffaznw1vf\/vbwy233BKSJOk8mrGGiEBEICIQEYgINCDQtUJ3yZIl2UlSL3\/5ywN38oknnpgdfnHdddeFpz\/96eHHP\/5x8H3u1772tfDCF76wAYL4KiIQEYgI1CEQ4yMCY4tAVwpdAtc3t3PmzAl+ji9JkrDTTjsF399++tOfDkuXLg2Esc+Fttlmm7FFLJYWEYgIRAQiAhGBESLQlUL3wQcfDHvuuWe2ScrGqbzvW265ZXjta18b7rvvvvDSl740+EGD\/F28RgQiAhGBiMDYIBBLGTkCXSl0nSR15JFHhsMPPzwce+yxoSh4nam8xRZbjByRmDMiEBGICEQEIgIdQqArhW6OxSGHHDJE8LJwHXqx5ppr5kniNSIQEYgIRAQiAuOAQHtVdLXQ1UWClxvZJ0I2Tu27776iY4gIRAQiAhGBiMCkQ6DrhS5E\/VLQ0UcfHQ466CCPMUQEIgIRgYhARGBSIjAlhO7MmTOzH6ZvA+GYJCIQEYgIRAQiAhOGwLSFS\/vDYwv7YogYRBqINBBpINJApIEO0gB5+\/8BAAD\/\/xCcg5QAAAAGSURBVAMAjXmoPLvAHDEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" width=\"636\" height=\"280\" \/><\/span><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Source:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Ministry of Tribal Affairs. (2024, August 7). <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Over 1.23 lakh students enrolled in Eklavya Model Residential Schools in 2023-24; 405 EMRSs functional across the country.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved from <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2042570\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2042570<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">However, despite these efforts, several challenges persist in the implementation and effectiveness of EMRS. Issues such as infrastructural deficits, shortages of trained teachers, and the need for culturally inclusive pedagogy have been widely noted (Das &amp; Mohanty, 2021). For migratory tribal communities such as the Gujjars and Bakarwals in Jammu and Kashmir, ensuring continuity of education poses an additional challenge, as families relocate seasonally in pursuit of livelihood opportunities (Sharma, 2023).<\/span><\/p><h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">EMRS in Promoting Tribal Education<\/span><\/h2><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Despite the expansion of EMRS and other educational initiatives, educational disparities among Scheduled Tribes continue to persist, necessitating a critical examination of the role of EMRS in addressing these challenges (Mishra &amp; Pattnaik, 2020). This literature review is significant as it evaluates the effectiveness, challenges, and long-term impact of EMRS in promoting educational inclusion and socio-economic empowerment among Scheduled Tribes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">By analysing existing research and policy documents, this paper seeks to identify best practices, existing gaps, and areas requiring improvement in the implementation of EMRS. The review also explores policy implications for strengthening tribal education frameworks, particularly in regions characterised by high levels of seasonal migration. Furthermore, the findings from this study aim to contribute to evidence-based policymaking and offer recommendations to enhance the accessibility, quality, and sustainability of EMRS for Scheduled Tribes in India.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Objectives<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.3000000000000007pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">To know the role of EMRS in improving educational access for Scheduled Tribes.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.3000000000000007pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">To identify gaps in existing research and suggest future directions.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Based on these objectives, the following research questions were formulated.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Questions<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.3000000000000007pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">How do Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) contribute to improving educational access for Scheduled Tribe students in India?<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.3000000000000007pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">What gaps exist in the current research on EMRS, and what directions can be recommended for future studies?<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Methodology\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The present study adopts a systematic literature review approach to examine the role and effectiveness of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) in promoting the education of Scheduled Tribes in India. The review followed a structured process of identifying, screening, and synthesizing relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. Various academic and grey literature sources were searched, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Sage Publications, government websites, and reputable news articles.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of selected studies. Inclusion criteria involved research published within the specified period, studies focused on EMRS or tribal education, and empirical or policy-based papers available in English. Exclusion criteria included non-academic content, studies outside the timeframe, and papers not directly related to EMRS or Scheduled Tribe education. After the screening process, 12 studies were finally selected for detailed analysis.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Review of Related Literature<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) initiative has played a crucial role in enhancing educational accessibility for Scheduled Tribe (ST) students, contributing to improvements in literacy rates, skill development, and overall academic performance (Arun &amp; Premkumar, 2020; Halder &amp; Guha, 2023). Studies indicate that EMRS institutions located in remote regions often outperform other government schools in terms of enrolment and student retention, with many parents\u2019 expressing satisfaction regarding the quality of education provided (Halder &amp; Guha, 2023). However, despite these achievements, substantial challenges persist in infrastructure development, teacher availability, and funding allocations, highlighting the need for urgent policy interventions to ensure sustained progress (Kumar &amp; Rani, 2020; Biswal &amp; Dansana, 2021).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">One major concern highlighted in the literature is the disparity in teaching\u2013learning processes between EMRS and other residential schooling models, such as Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV). Research reveals that teaching methods and lesson planning in several EMRS institutions are often less structured, resulting in lower student engagement and limited integration of technology in classroom instruction (Dash, 2018). Additionally, the lack of comprehensive career counselling and vocational training programmes restricts students\u2019 ability to make informed career choices and effectively transition into higher education and employment opportunities (Sharma, 2023; Mohapatra, 2019).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Infrastructure remains another critical area requiring improvement. Although many EMRS conform to government guidelines by providing classrooms, hostels, libraries, and sports facilities, studies report concerns regarding inadequate teacher supervision, inconsistent access to safe drinking water, and shortages of essential hostel supplies (Biswal &amp; Dansana, 2021). Furthermore, nearly 45 per cent of sanctioned EMRS remain non-functional, raising serious concerns about the pace of implementation and the overall effectiveness of the policy framework in ensuring nationwide access to quality education for tribal students (Ministry of Tribal Affairs, 2022).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The shortage of trained educators and the limited use of culturally inclusive pedagogical practices further exacerbate the challenges faced by EMRS institutions. While EMRS has contributed significantly to academic growth and cultural heritage preservation, research indicates a persistent gap in teacher training and in the adaptation of curricula to the specific learning needs of tribal students (Pandey &amp; Kakati, 2022). Gender disparities also remain evident, with female students facing limited exposure to higher education pathways and restricted awareness of employment opportunities (Pandey &amp; Kakati, 2022).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Despite these shortcomings, government investments have led to notable improvements in tribal education, reflected in increased literacy rates and greater academic participation among ST learners (Negi &amp; Dutta, 2023; NITI Aayog, 2021). However, studies emphasise that although enrolment in EMRS is rising, transition rates to higher education remain relatively low, indicating the need for stronger academic mentoring, more robust scholarship facilitation, and better post-secondary support systems (NITI Aayog, 2021; Mohapatra, 2019).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Given these findings, scholars underline the urgent need for enhanced funding, improved monitoring mechanisms, and strategic structural reforms to bring EMRS on par with high-performing models such as Navodaya Vidyalayas (Geddam, 2015). Recommendations include strengthening teacher recruitment and training, upgrading infrastructure, ensuring equitable distribution of resources, and integrating culturally responsive pedagogies to address the diverse learning needs of Scheduled Tribe students (Kumar &amp; Rani, 2020; Biswal &amp; Dansana, 2021). With sustained policy attention and evidence-based interventions, EMRS holds significant potential to bridge educational disparities, foster socio-economic mobility, and create equitable educational opportunities for Scheduled Tribe learners across India.<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"68\" \/><col width=\"116\" \/><col width=\"427\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"border-left: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; border-top: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; background-color: #93cddc; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Year<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; border-top: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; background-color: #93cddc; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Author(s)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-right: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; border-top: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; background-color: #93cddc; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Title<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"border-left: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-right: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-top: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2023<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-left: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-right: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-top: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Halder &amp; Guha<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-left: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-right: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-bottom: solid #93cddc 0.5pt; border-top: solid #4bacc6 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cEducational Status of Tribal Learners: A Case Study of EMRS in West Bengal\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2023<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Negi &amp; Dutta<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cDevelopment Initiatives and Tribal Education in India<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2023<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sharma<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Educational Attainment and Aspirations among Tribal Youth: A Case for EMRS\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2022<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Tribal Affairs<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eklavya Model Residential Schools: Status Report<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2022<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pandey &amp; Kakati<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cEmpowering Tribal Education: Insights from Eklavya Model Residential Schools in Sixth Scheduled States of India\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2021<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">NITI Aayog<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cState of Education in India: Focus on Tribal Development\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2021<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Biswal &amp; Dansana<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cFunctioning of Eklavya Model Residential School, Rayagada, Odisha\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2020<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Arun &amp; Premkumar<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cTransformation in Tribal Education: A Study of Eklavya Model Residential Schools\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2020<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kumar &amp; Rani<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cBridging Educational Gaps: The Role of EMRS in Tribal Development\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2019<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mohapatra<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cImpact Evaluation of the Scheme of National Fellowship and Scholarship for Higher Education of ST Students\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2018<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dash<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; background-color: #dbeef3; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cTeaching-Learning Process for Tribal Students in Eklavya Model Residential Schools and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas in Odisha: An Evaluative Study\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2015<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Geddam<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #93cddc 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cA Study on Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) in Tribal Education\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/div><h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Key Findings from the Review of Related Literature<\/span><\/h3><ul style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">EMRS has improved educational access for Scheduled Tribes, contributing to higher literacy rates, skill development, and enhanced academic performance (Arun &amp; Premkumar, 2020; Halder &amp; Guha, 2023).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">EMRS institutions located in remote regions perform better than other government schools, particularly in enrolment, student retention, and parental satisfaction with the quality of education (Halder &amp; Guha, 2023).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Persistent challenges related to infrastructure, teacher availability, and funding highlight the need for urgent policy attention to sustain improvements in tribal education (Kumar &amp; Rani, 2020; Biswal &amp; Dansana, 2021).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Teaching\u2013learning processes in many EMRS are less structured compared to Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), resulting in lower student engagement and limited integration of technology in classroom instruction (Dash, 2018).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Career counselling and vocational training remain inadequate, restricting students\u2019 capacity to make informed career decisions and successfully transition into higher education and employment (Sharma, 2023; Mohapatra, 2019).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Infrastructure-related issues\u2014such as inadequate teacher supervision, inconsistent access to safe drinking water, and shortages of essential hostel supplies\u2014continue to affect students\u2019 learning environments (Biswal &amp; Dansana, 2021).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Nearly 45% of sanctioned EMRS remain non-functional, raising concerns about implementation speed, policy execution, and nationwide access to quality education for Scheduled Tribes (Ministry of Tribal Affairs, 2022).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A shortage of trained educators and limited use of culturally relevant pedagogical practices remain critical gaps, directly affecting effective learning among tribal students (Pandey &amp; Kakati, 2022).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gender disparities persist, with female students reporting limited awareness and reduced access to higher education pathways and employment opportunities (Pandey &amp; Kakati, 2022).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Despite increased government investment, transition rates to higher education remain low, underscoring the need for improved academic mentoring, stronger scholarship mechanisms, and more defined post-secondary pathways (Negi &amp; Dutta, 2023; NITI Aayog, 2021).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Scholars emphasise the need for enhanced funding, stronger monitoring systems, and structural reforms to elevate EMRS to the standards of high-performing institutions such as Navodaya Vidyalayas (Geddam, 2015).<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Discussion<\/span><\/h2><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The review shows that EMRS has contributed meaningfully to improving educational access and academic outcomes for Scheduled Tribe students. Higher enrolment, better retention, and increased literacy levels indicate that the residential schooling model has helped reduce barriers related to distance, migration, and socio-economic constraints. Parental satisfaction reported in several studies further reflects growing trust in EMRS as a reliable educational option for tribal learners.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">At the same time, the review highlights several challenges that limit the full effectiveness of EMRS. Infrastructure deficits, shortages of trained teachers, and gaps in supervision continue to affect schooling quality. The fact that nearly 45 per cent of sanctioned schools remain non-functional raises concerns about implementation efficiency and uneven access across states. Teaching\u2013learning processes in many EMRS are also found to be less structured than in models such as Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV), with limited use of digital tools and weak lesson planning practices. Inadequate career counselling and vocational support further restrict students\u2019 preparedness for higher education and employment.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Gender disparities also remain visible, especially in career awareness and aspirations among female students. Although government investments have strengthened school-level participation, low transition rates to higher education suggest the need for stronger academic mentoring and better post-secondary pathways for tribal youth.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall, related literature shows that EMRS has played an important role in improving educational opportunities for Scheduled Tribe students, yet several gaps remain. Challenges related to infrastructure, teacher preparation, and culturally relevant pedagogy continue to affect educational quality. These issues highlight the need for a systematic review to consolidate existing evidence and suggest informed policy measures to strengthen the EMRS model for tribal learners.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This review shows that Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) have played a meaningful role in improving educational access and participation among Scheduled Tribe students by reducing barriers related to distance, socio-economic constraints, and seasonal migration, which has led to better enrolment, retention, and learning outcomes. At the same time, persistent challenges such as infrastructure gaps, shortages of trained teachers, limited culturally responsive pedagogy, insufficient career guidance, and low transition rates to higher education continue to restrict the full effectiveness of EMRS. Comparisons with stronger residential models, particularly Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, further highlight the need for more structured academic planning, effective teaching\u2013learning processes, and improved resource allocation. Overall, while EMRS remains a promising initiative for strengthening tribal education, its long-term impact will depend on sustained policy attention and targeted reforms in teacher preparation, infrastructure development, culturally relevant curriculum, and monitoring systems to ensure equitable, high-quality educational opportunities for Scheduled Tribe communities.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Suggestions and Recommendations for Improving EMRS<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ensure Full Functionality of Sanctioned EMRS:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Immediate efforts are needed to operationalise the remaining 45% of EMRS that are still non-functional, as this will significantly expand educational access for Scheduled Tribe students.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Strengthen Teacher Training and Professional Development:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Specialised and ongoing training programmes should be introduced to equip teachers with competencies in tribal education, cultural inclusivity, multilingual instruction, and modern pedagogical methods.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Improve Teacher Recruitment and Retention:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Recruitment strategies should prioritise qualified teachers for remote tribal areas, accompanied by appropriate incentives, housing facilities, and opportunities for career advancement to ensure long-term retention.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Promote Structured and Interactive Teaching\u2013Learning Processes:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> EMRS should adopt well-designed lesson plans, activity-based pedagogy, and digital learning tools to enhance student engagement and improve academic performance.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Enhance Career Counselling and Vocational Guidance:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Each EMRS should establish a career guidance unit to support students in accessing higher education, scholarships, and employment opportunities. Expanded vocational and skill-based programmes are essential for improving employability.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Upgrade Infrastructure and Basic Facilities:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Schools should ensure reliable access to clean drinking water, functional hostels, adequate study materials, safe learning environments, and well-maintained classrooms to support student well-being.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Increase Government Funding and Strengthen Fiscal Monitoring:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Adequate funding and systematic monitoring mechanisms are necessary to ensure that EMRS receive sufficient resources and that funds are utilised effectively within institutions.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Align EMRS with Navodaya Vidyalaya Standards:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> EMRS should incorporate best practices from Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), including academic rigour, structured pedagogy, and preparation for competitive examinations.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Support Transition to Higher Education:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Stronger transition pathways are needed through university partnerships, entrance exam coaching, mentorship programmes, and financial aid support to help students pursue higher education beyond EMRS.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: disc; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Noto Sans Symbols',sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -3.799999999999999pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Develop a Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation Framework:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Regular assessments, audits, and outcome-based evaluations should be carried out to track institutional performance, identify gaps, and ensure continuous improvements in educational quality.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.05pt; text-indent: -0.05pt; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.05pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">By implementing these recommendations, EMRS can evolve into a stronger and more effective educational model that empowers tribal students and supports their long-term academic progress and career advancement.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-685d910 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"685d910\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7c4729\" data-id=\"f7c4729\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-839be25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"839be25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Statements and Declarations\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42cc769 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42cc769\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Peer-Review Method:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This article underwent a double-blind peer-review process by two independent external reviewers with expertise in Tribal Studies and Educational Policy. This process ensures the scholarly quality, empirical validity, and social relevance of the systematic review regarding the EMRS framework.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Competing Interests:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> The authors, Mohd Raziq and Shilpa S. Popat, declare no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that could have influenced the research, data synthesis, or the conclusions regarding the education of Scheduled Tribes presented in this paper.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Funding:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This research was conducted as an independent scholarly project at the School of Education, Central University of Gujarat. No specific external grants or financial support were received from public, commercial, or non-profit funding agencies for this work.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data Availability:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This study is a systematic literature review based on existing published research and policy documents. The list of reviewed literature and the PRISMA-based selection criteria used during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Licence:<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the Education of Scheduled Tribes: A Systematic Literature Review<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> \u00a9 2026 by Mohd Raziq &amp; Shilpa S. Popat is licensed under <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">CC BY 4.0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. This work is published by the International Council for Education Research and Training (ICERT).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ethics Approval:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Central University of Gujarat. The study design ensures academic integrity by adhering to standard protocols for secondary data analysis and systematic reviews of human-subject-related literature.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-14037ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"14037ce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f963d8b\" data-id=\"f963d8b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891bbb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"891bbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e51e036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e51e036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Arun, J. V., &amp; Premkumar, A. (2020). Transformation in tribal education: A study of Eklavya Model Residential Schools. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">ResearchGate<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Retrieved from <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/345386147\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/345386147<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Biswal, S., &amp; Dansana, A. (2021). Functioning of Eklavya Model Residential School, Rayagada, Odisha. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Educational Quest: An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 12(2), 73-76. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30954\/2230-7311.2.2021.2\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30954\/2230-7311.2.2021.2<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bose, N. (2012). Education and economic deprivation among tribes in India. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Oxford University Press<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Brahmanandam, T., &amp; Bosu Babu, T. (2016). Educational status among the Scheduled Tribes: Issues and challenges. The NEHU Journal, 14(2), 69-85.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Census of India. (2011). Primary census abstract for Scheduled Tribes. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Das, A., &amp; Mohanty, P. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of EMRS in tribal education: A case study approach. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Indian Journal of Social Sciences<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 10(3), 45-67.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Geddam, M. S. (2015). A study on Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) in tribal education. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Voice of Research<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 3(4), 20-26.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India. (2018). Union Budget 2018: Tribal education policies and implementation. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Finance<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Govinda, R., &amp; Bandyopadhyay, M. (2011). Access to elementary education in India: Country analytical report. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">NUEPA<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Halder, A., &amp; Guha, D. (2023). Educational status of tribal learners: A case study of EMRS in West Bengal. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 10(3).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kumar, R., &amp; Rani, P. (2020). Bridging educational gaps: The role of EMRS in tribal development. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Tribal Studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 15(2), 55-72.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Education. (2019). Annual report on educational schemes for Scheduled Tribes. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. (n.d.). Eklavya Model Residential Schools: <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Status report<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Retrieved from <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/tribal.nic.in\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/tribal.nic.in<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Tribal Affairs. (2018). Status of tribal girls\u2019 education in India: Challenges and opportunities. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Tribal Affairs. (2021). Eklavya Model Residential Schools: Status report 2021. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Tribal Affairs. (2022). Tribal education and development report. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ministry of Tribal Affairs. (2024, August 7). Over 1.23 lakh students enrolled in Eklavya Model Residential Schools in 2023-24; 405 EMRSs functional across the country. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Press Information Bureau, Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Retrieved from <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2042570\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2042570<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mishra, S., &amp; Pattnaik, P. (2020). Inclusive education and tribal development: An evaluation of residential schools. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Educational Review<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 18(4), 78-95.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST). (2023). Tribal communities in Jammu and Kashmir: Socio-educational status report. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">NITI Aayog. (2021). State of education in India: Focus on tribal development. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government of India<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ottaplackal, T. A., &amp; Anbu, S. (2022). Issues and challenges of school education faced by tribal students in India: A critical review. ResearchGate. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/359943512_Issues_and_Challenges_of_School_Education_Faced_by_Tribal_Students_in_India_A_Critical_Review<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pandey, R., &amp; Kakati, B. K. (2022). Empowering tribal education: Insights from Eklavya Model Residential Schools in Sixth Scheduled States of India. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Man and Society: A Journal of North-East Studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, XIX(Winter 2022).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sharma, V. (2023). Educational attainment and aspirations among tribal youth: A case for EMRS. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Indian Educational Review<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 21(2), 90-112.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Singh, K., &amp; Sharma, A. (2020). Challenges in tribal education: Policy perspectives and implementation strategies. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Policy Studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 12(3), 67-84.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thakur, R. (2021). Reforming tribal education: Policy perspectives and implementation strategies. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Policy Studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 12(3), 67-84.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-626aad7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"626aad7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37e6793\" data-id=\"37e6793\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0984fe\" data-id=\"c0984fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb12ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-social-share\" data-id=\"eb12ce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-social-share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"ekit_socialshare\">\n                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-db288b3\" data-social=\"facebook\">\n                    <div class=\"facebook\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-facebook\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8c1acc4\" data-social=\"whatsapp\">\n                    <div class=\"whatsapp\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-whatsapp-1\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-a0e5dae\" data-social=\"linkedin\">\n                    <div class=\"linkedin\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-linkedin\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cbea20c\" data-id=\"cbea20c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40f0cec elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"40f0cec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-vol-5-issue-1\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal Vol-05, Issue-01(Jan-Mar 2026) An International scholarly\/ academic journal, peer-reviewed\/ refereed journal, ISSN : 2959-1376 Ekalavya Model Residential Schools and the Education of Scheduled Tribes: A Systematic Literature Review Raziq, Mohd\u00a0 Research Scholar, School of Education, Central University of Gujarat Popat, Shilpa S. 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