{"id":33212,"date":"2026-04-22T08:56:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T03:26:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/?p=33212"},"modified":"2026-04-25T08:15:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T02:45:21","slug":"exploring-emotional-and-behavioural-challenges-faced-by-children-from-single-parent-households-among-nursery-school-pupils","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/2026\/04\/22\/exploring-emotional-and-behavioural-challenges-faced-by-children-from-single-parent-households-among-nursery-school-pupils\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring Emotional And Behavioural Challenges Faced By Children From Single-Parent Households Among Nursery School Pupils"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"33212\" class=\"elementor elementor-33212\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be68c92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be68c92\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f0b328\" data-id=\"6f0b328\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ff866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8ff866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eduphoria - An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e79c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96e79c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vol.04, Issue 02 (Apr-Jun 2026)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ea4af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53ea4af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">An International scholarly\/ academic magazine, peer-reviewed\/ refereed magazine, ISSN : 2960-0014<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e136094 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e136094\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e27467\" data-id=\"0e27467\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0262544 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0262544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Exploring Emotional And Behavioural Challenges Faced By Children From Single-Parent Households Among Nursery School Pupils\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d84aff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d84aff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Olatunji, Saheed Olawale<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Department Of Early Childhood Care And Education<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">School Of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult And Non-Formal Education (Ecpae)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Federal College Of Education (Special) Pmb 1089 Oyo, Oyo State<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2cc35b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2cc35b7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce8e818\" data-id=\"ce8e818\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-632eee8 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-simple-tab\" data-id=\"632eee8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-simple-tab.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >        <div class=\"elementkit-tab-wraper vertical  elementskit-fitcontent-tab \">\n            <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs elementkit-tab-nav \">\n                                    <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  active show left-pos\" id=\"content-ca158ed69ecbca2aaa19-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"abstract\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-ca158ed69ecbca2aaa19\" href=\"#Content-ca158ed69ecbca2aaa19\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-ca158ed69ecbca2aaa19\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-file-alt elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Abstract<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-62e3348\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-62e334869ecbca2aaa19-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"about-author\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-62e334869ecbca2aaa19\" href=\"#Content-62e334869ecbca2aaa19\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-62e334869ecbca2aaa19\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-user elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> About Author<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-e351830\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-e35183069ecbca2aaa19-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"impact-statement\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-e35183069ecbca2aaa19\" href=\"#Content-e35183069ecbca2aaa19\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-e35183069ecbca2aaa19\">\n                            <span class=\"fas fa-file-import elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Impact Statement<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                        <li class=\"elementkit-nav-item elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5\">\n                        <a class=\"elementkit-nav-link  left-pos\" id=\"content-bb8dae569ecbca2aaa19-tab\" data-ekit-handler-id=\"cite-this-article\" data-ekit-toggle=\"tab\" data-target=\"#content-bb8dae569ecbca2aaa19\" href=\"#Content-bb8dae569ecbca2aaa19\"\n                            data-ekit-toggle-trigger=\"click\"\n                            aria-describedby=\"Content-bb8dae569ecbca2aaa19\">\n                            <span class=\"far fa-address-card elementskit-tab-icon\"><\/span>                            <span class=\"elementskit-tab-title\"> Cite this Article<\/span>\n                        <\/a>\n                    <\/li>\n                                <\/ul>\n\n            <div class=\"tab-content elementkit-tab-content\">\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-ca158ed  active show\" id=\"content-ca158ed69ecbca2aaa19\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-ca158ed69ecbca2aaa19-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Abstract<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study examined the exploring emotional and behavioural challenges faced by children from single-parent households among nursery school pupils.<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Anchored on Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969\/1988) and Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). The sample comprised 50 pupils aged 3\u20135 years, selected through stratified random sampling (25 from single-parent and 25 from two-parent households), with data provided by teachers and caregivers.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Three instruments were used: a Teacher-Rated Checklist of Emotional and Behavioural Problems, a Parental\/Guardian Questionnaire, and a Structured Observation Guide. Content validity was ensured through expert review, and a Cronbach\u2019s alpha of 0.78 confirmed reliability. Data collection lasted four weeks, combining teacher ratings, parent responses, and researcher observations. Descriptive statistics described common challenges, independent sample t-tests compared groups, and multiple regression tested risk and protective factors at the 0.05 significance level.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Findings revealed that pupils from single-parent households reported significantly higher emotional difficulties (M = 12.64, SD = 2.35) than those from two-parent households (M = 9.08, SD = 2.12), t (48) = 5.28, p = .001, with a large effect size (Cohen\u2019s d = 1.48). Behavioural problems such as aggression and classroom disturbance were also more pronounced. Parental stress, economic strain, and harsh discipline significantly predicted difficulties, while nursery school support, nonresident parent involvement, and extended family assistance served as protective factors.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The study concludes that family structure significantly shapes children\u2019s emotional and behavioural adjustment. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Ibadan Research Ethics Committee, with informed consent obtained from parents and guardians.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords:<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single-parent households; Two-parent households; Nursery pupils; Emotional challenges; Behavioural problems; Attachment Theory; Ecological Systems Theory; Early childhood development<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-62e3348 \" id=\"content-62e334869ecbca2aaa19\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-62e334869ecbca2aaa19-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">About the Author<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Olatunji, Saheed Olawale is a dedicated academician and researcher specializing in the foundational pillars of learning. He is currently affiliated with the Department of Early Childhood Care and Education within the School of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult and Non-Formal Education (ECPAE) at the Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo State.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Operating from a premier institution dedicated to special education, Mr. Olatunji focuses on the nuances of early developmental stages, inclusive pedagogy, and the training of educators for primary and non-formal sectors. His commitment to academic transparency and global research standards is reflected in his professional identity via ORCID (0009-0007-3123-7624), ensuring his scholarly contributions are accessible to the international academic community. His work is instrumental in shaping the early educational landscape in Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of specialized care and structured learning environments for young minds.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-e351830 \" id=\"content-e35183069ecbca2aaa19\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-e35183069ecbca2aaa19-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Impact Statement<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study sheds light on the emotional and behavioural challenges of nursery pupils from single-parent and two-parent households in Ibadan South West, Nigeria. Grounded in Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969\/1988) and Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), it revealed that single-parent pupils faced significantly higher emotional difficulties (e.g., anxiety, low confidence, isolation, mood swings) and behavioural problems (e.g., aggression, disobedience, classroom disturbance). These were strongly linked to parental stress, economic strain, and harsh discipline, reflecting the socio-economic and caregiving pressures of single-parenting. The study\u2019s impact spans research, practice, and policy. It contributes to Nigerian early childhood education literature by highlighting how family structure shapes children\u2019s psychosocial outcomes. For practitioners, the findings stress early identification of at-risk children and provision of psychosocial support within nursery settings. Importantly, protective factors such as nonresident parent involvement, nursery school support, and extended family assistance were found to reduce challenges, offering practical pathways to strengthen resilience. At the policy level, the study calls for integrating parental support programs, economic empowerment for single parents, and school-based counselling services into early childhood education. By establishing that family structure significantly influences child development, it provides evidence for inclusive education and social policies aimed at reducing inequality and fostering holistic child growth. In sum, investing in supportive systems for children from single-parent households is vital not only for immediate well-being but also for their long-term educational success and social adjustment.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-pane elementkit-tab-pane elementor-repeater-item-bb8dae5 \" id=\"content-bb8dae569ecbca2aaa19\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                         aria-labelledby=\"content-bb8dae569ecbca2aaa19-tab\">\n                        <div class=\"animated fadeIn\">\n                            <p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cite This Article<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">APA Style (7th Edition): Olatunji, S. O. (2026). Exploring emotional and behavioural challenges faced by children from single-parent households among nursery school pupils. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eduphoria: An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 28\u201341. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477&amp;authuser=1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477<\/span><\/a><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chicago Style (17th Edition): Olatunji, Saheed Olawale. &#8220;Exploring Emotional and Behavioural Challenges Faced by Children from Single-Parent Households Among Nursery School Pupils.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eduphoria: An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> 4, no. 2 (April 2026): 28\u201341. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477&amp;authuser=1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 8pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MLA Style (9th Edition): Olatunji, Saheed Olawale. &#8220;Exploring Emotional and Behavioural Challenges Faced by Children from Single-Parent Households Among Nursery School Pupils.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Eduphoria: An International Multidisciplinary Magazine<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, vol. 4, no. 2, 1 Apr. 2026, pp. 28\u201341, <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477&amp;authuser=1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p>                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                \n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-495fe77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"495fe77\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4bd1ee\" data-id=\"c4bd1ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6cc4c61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6cc4c61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d4f70e\" data-id=\"2d4f70e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b95e940 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b95e940\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Published: Apr 01, 2026<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Page Range: 28\u201341<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">DOI: <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477&amp;authuser=1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59231\/EDUPHORIA\/230477<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-161c0af\" data-id=\"161c0af\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f71699 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f71699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Subject Areas: Early Childhood Education, Developmental Psychology, Sociology of the Family.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f503e7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f503e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Thematic Classification: Single-Parenting Impacts, Child Emotional Development, Behavioural Challenges in Preschoolers, Attachment Theory, Educational Support Systems for Vulnerable Children.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb35edb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb35edb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32bb001\" data-id=\"32bb001\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2399739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2399739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de8933b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de8933b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The family is the primary socializing unit that shapes a child\u2019s emotional, social, and cognitive growth, and its stability is especially vital during early childhood when the foundations of learning and personality are established. In Nigeria, changing marital patterns, economic hardship, and rising divorce rates have contributed to an increase in single-parent households. Children raised in such contexts are more likely to experience low self-esteem, social withdrawal, aggression, and learning difficulties due to reduced parental attention, inconsistent discipline, and limited resources (Adegboyega, 2019; Wajim, 2020). Emotional challenges such as anxiety and depression are also common, often intensified by social stigma and the absence of adequate support systems (Chenube, 2023; John &amp; Shimfe, 2020).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Evidence from other countries reinforces these concerns. Studies show that children from single-parent families face heightened risks of aggression, conduct problems, sadness, and anxiety (Huang et al., 2019), with poorer socio-emotional outcomes across cultural settings (Sigle-Rushton, 2015). Although cultural and policy contexts may influence results, single-parenting generally increases the vulnerability of preschool-aged children worldwide (Isaac, 2024). Children in nursery schools, aged 3\u20135 years, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of family transitions, economic strain, and parental stress, as these factors can lead to inconsistent caregiving that undermines their emotional stability and school readiness. Reports from Nigeria, India, and Malaysia highlight that these children are two to six times more likely to exhibit emotional and behavioural difficulties, ranging from anxiety and depression to hyperactivity and social withdrawal (John, 2023; Chavda &amp; Nisarga, 2023; Rahim et al., 2023). Parental stress further worsens these challenges, as overburdened single parents may unintentionally pass on anxiety and insecurity, leading to heightened behavioural and emotional problems (Fu, 2023).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study is guided by Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969\/1988) and Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). Attachment Theory stresses the role of consistent caregiving in fostering emotional security, while disruptions common in single-parent households may lead to withdrawal, aggression, or anxiety (Huang et al., 2019). Ecological Systems Theory explains how interactions across family, school, and community environments influence development, with the absence of a parent altering these systems in ways that shape children\u2019s adjustment (Chenube, 2023). Together, these frameworks provide a comprehensive lens for examining the emotional and behavioural challenges faced by nursery school pupils from single-parent households.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Statement of the Problem<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Early childhood is a critical stage for developing social and emotional regulation, yet nursery school pupils from single-parent households often face unmet emotional needs and behavioural difficulties that disrupt learning, peer interaction, and school adjustment. These children are commonly perceived as anxious, withdrawn, or emotionally unstable, while others exhibit aggression and noncompliance that interfere with classroom routines.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Although single-parent households are on the rise in Nigeria, research has largely focused on primary and secondary school pupils, leaving a gap in understanding how early experiences in such contexts affect psychosocial development. If left unaddressed, these challenges can escalate into long-term behavioural disorders, poor academic achievement, and difficulties in forming stable social relationships.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Risk factors such as parental stress, economic strain, and inconsistent caregiving often heighten these problems, while protective factors like nonresident parent involvement, supportive nursery environments, and early interventions may help to cushion them. However, the effectiveness of such supports within the Nigerian context remains underexplored. This study therefore aims to investigate the emotional and behavioural challenges of nursery school pupils from single-parent households and to identify protective factors that can foster resilience and healthy development.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Purpose of the Study<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The main purpose of this study is to examine the emotional and behavioural challenges of nursery school pupils from single-parent households in Nigeria. Specifically, the study seeks to:<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Identify the prevalent emotional challenges (such as anxiety and low self-esteem) experienced by nursery school pupils from single-parent households in Nigeria.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Determine the behavioural problems (such as aggression and noncompliance) commonly observed among these pupils and compare them with those from two-parent households.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Examine the risk factors (such as parental stress and economic strain) that contribute to the emotional and behavioural challenges of nursery school pupils from single-parent households.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Assess the protective factors (such as nonresident parent involvement and quality of nursery school support) that mitigate these challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of nursery-based strategies in addressing them.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research Questions<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study is guided by the following research questions, adapted from empirical frameworks in Nigerian and international contexts that examine family structure&#8217;s impact on young children&#8217;s psychosocial outcomes:<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">What are the prevalent emotional challenges (e.g., anxiety, low self-esteem) faced by nursery school pupils from single-parent households in Nigeria?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">What behavioral problems (e.g., aggression, noncompliance) are commonly observed among these pupils, and how do they differ from those in two-parent households?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">What risk factors (e.g., parental stress, economic strain) contribute to the emotional and behavioral challenges in single-parent nursery pupils?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">What protective factors (e.g., nonresident parent involvement, nursery school quality) mitigate these challenges, and how effective are nursery-based strategies in addressing them?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Hypothesis<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">H<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">: There is no significant difference in the prevalence of emotional challenges between nursery school pupils from single-parent households and those from two-parent households in Nigeria.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Methodology<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study employed a descriptive survey design to examine the emotional and behavioural challenges of nursery school pupils from single-parent households in Ibadan South West Local Government Area, Oyo State. The design was suitable as it enabled data collection on children\u2019s psychosocial experiences within their natural school settings.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The population comprised all nursery pupils aged 3\u20135 years in Ibadan South West. Using stratified random sampling, a total of 50 pupils were selected: 25 from single-parent households and 25 from two-parent households. Teachers and caregivers familiar with the children were also involved to provide reliable reports.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Three instruments were used. The Teacher-Rated Checklist of Emotional and Behavioural Problems was adapted and validated for the Nigerian context. The Parental\/Guardian Questionnaire gathered data on family structure, risk and protective factors, while a Structured Observation Guide<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">captured behaviours such as withdrawal, aggression, and noncompliance during classroom activities. Expert review established content validity, and a pilot test produced a Cronbach\u2019s alpha of 0.78 for reliability.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data collection lasted four weeks. Teachers completed the rating scales, parents filled questionnaires during school meetings, and the researcher conducted direct observations to triangulate findings.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Data were analyzed using mean and Standard deviation to described common emotional and behavioural challenges, while independent sample t-tests tested differences between pupils from single-parent and two-parent households. Multiple regression examined the influence of risk and protective factors. The significance level was set at 0.05.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ethical approval was granted by the University of Ibadan Research Ethics Committee, and informed consent was secured from parents and guardians. Anonymity and confidentiality of participants were ensured.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Results, Interpretation and Discussion of Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This section provided answers to the research questions:<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research question 1: What are the prevalent emotional challenges (e.g., anxiety, low self-esteem) faced by nursery school pupils from single-parent households in Nigeria?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 1: Summary of Result showing Standard Deviation to describe the Prevalent Emotional Challenges among Nursery Pupils by Family Structure<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"189\" \/><col width=\"186\" \/><col width=\"176\" \/><col width=\"53\" \/><col width=\"44\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 5pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" colspan=\"5\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Emotional Challenges<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single-Parent (n = 25) M (SD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Two-Parent (n = 25) M (SD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t (48)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Anxiety\/worry<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.84 (0.62)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.12 (0.58)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.19<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Low self-confidence<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.00 (0.71)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.28 (0.64)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.64<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Peer isolation<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.68 (0.60)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.04 (0.57)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.71<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frequent crying<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.76 (0.66)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.16 (0.62)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.31<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.002<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mood swings<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.12 (0.74)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.36 (0.65)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.74<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 57pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall Emotional Challenges<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12.64 (2.35)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">9.08 (2.12)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">5.28<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The results indicate that the Children from single-parent households reported significantly higher levels of emotional challenges compared to their peers from two-parent households (p &lt; .001). This implies that household structure strongly influences early emotional well-being, aligning with Nigerian studies highlighting stress, insecurity, and reduced parental support as emotional burdens on children in single-parent homes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research question 2:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> What behavioral problems (e.g., aggression, noncompliance) are commonly observed among these pupils, and how do they differ from those in two-parent households?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 2: Summary of Result showing Standard Deviation to describe the Behavioural Problems among Nursery Pupils by Family Structure<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"207\" \/><col width=\"180\" \/><col width=\"171\" \/><col width=\"49\" \/><col width=\"43\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Behavioural Problems<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single-Parent (n = 25) M (SD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Two-Parent (n = 25) M (SD)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t (48)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Refusal to follow instructions<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.84 (0.62)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.24 (0.55)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.62<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frequent arguments<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.72 (0.68)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.20 (0.57)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.00<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.004<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Aggression<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.88 (0.72)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.16 (0.60)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.78<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Classroom disturbance<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.64 (0.63)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.12 (0.52)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.19<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.002<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 0pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Inattention\/hyperactivity<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.92 (0.70)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.40 (0.58)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.90<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.006<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 33.75pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall Behavioural Problems<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">13.40 (2.81)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">10.12 (2.26)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">4.10<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The results indicate that the Single-parent pupils showed more behavioural problems than those from two-parent households, particularly aggression and refusal to follow instructions. This implies that absence of a supportive dual-parent structure in Nigeria increases behavioural adjustment problems, often linked to limited supervision and socio-economic strain.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research question 3:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> What risk factors (e.g., parental stress, economic strain) contribute to the emotional and behavioral challenges in single-parent nursery pupils?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 3: Summary of Regression on risk factors (e.g., parental stress, economic strain) and emotional and behavioral challenges in single-parent nursery pupils<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 5.4pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"156\" \/><col width=\"98\" \/><col width=\"81\" \/><col width=\"92\" \/><col width=\"88\" \/><col width=\"135\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 52.65pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" colspan=\"6\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">R \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = \u00a0 .46<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">R<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">= .46<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Multiple R<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> adjustment\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = \u00a0 . .391<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Analysis of Variance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 10.6pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Model<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sum of square<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Df<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean square<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">F<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">P<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.15pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Regression<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">11.56<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.01<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" rowspan=\"3\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">61.36<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" rowspan=\"3\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 12pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Residual\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16.58<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">22<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.25<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.85pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Total\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">28.14<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 3 revealed that <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Parental stress, economic strain, and harsh discipline significantly predicted children\u2019s emotional and behavioural difficulties<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (F<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\"> (3, 22) = <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">61.36, p&lt;0.05).<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Limited contact with the nonresident parent was not a strong predictor. This implies that in Ibadan Southn West, household poverty and caregiver stress are stronger determinants of child psychosocial problems than simple physical absence of a parent.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Research question 4:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> What protective factors (e.g., nonresident parent involvement, nursery school quality) mitigate these challenges, and how effective are nursery-based strategies in addressing them?<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 4: Summary of Regression on protective factors (e.g., nonresident parent involvement, nursery school quality) <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mitigating Emotional and Behavioural Challenges.<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 5.4pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"156\" \/><col width=\"98\" \/><col width=\"81\" \/><col width=\"92\" \/><col width=\"88\" \/><col width=\"135\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 52.65pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" colspan=\"6\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">R \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = \u00a0 .54<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">R<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">= .54<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Multiple R<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> adjustment\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = \u00a0 . 27<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Analysis of Variance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 10.6pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Model<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sum of square<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Df<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean square<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">F<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">P<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.15pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Regression<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12.11<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.098<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" rowspan=\"3\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">46.36<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\" rowspan=\"3\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 12pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Residual\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">16.58<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">22<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">3.392<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 13.85pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Total\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">28.69<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: middle; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.75pt 0pt 5.75pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 4 revealed that <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Nursery school support, nonresident parent involvement, and extended family assistance significantly reduced children\u2019s emotional and behavioural challenges.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (F<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\"> (3, 22) = <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">46.36, p&lt;0.05).<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0 This implies that strong institutional and kinship support systems in Nigeria can effectively buffer children against the adverse effects of single parenting, underscoring the role of schools and extended families in early childhood development.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Section B<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This section provided the results of the tested hypotheses<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Hypothesis 1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">: There is no significant difference in the prevalence of emotional challenges between nursery school pupils from single-parent households and those from two-parent households in Nigeria.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 5: Summary of independent sample t-test on<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Family Structure on Emotional Challenges<\/span><\/p><div dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;\" align=\"left\"><table style=\"border: none; border-collapse: collapse;\"><colgroup><col width=\"119\" \/><col width=\"88\" \/><col width=\"38\" \/><col width=\"65\" \/><col width=\"68\" \/><col width=\"54\" \/><col width=\"63\" \/><col width=\"75\" \/><col width=\"92\" \/><\/colgroup><tbody><tr style=\"height: 20.35pt;\"><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Variable<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Parent Household<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0 N<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mean<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Std. Dev.<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Df<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t-value<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sig.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Remark\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 9.95pt;\"><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\" rowspan=\"2\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Parent Household<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single-Parent Household<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">12.64<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.35<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\" rowspan=\"2\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\" rowspan=\"2\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">5.28<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\" rowspan=\"2\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0\u00a00.001<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"border-bottom: solid #000000 0.5pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.5pt; vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\" rowspan=\"2\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sig.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"height: 42.35pt;\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Two-Parent Household\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">25<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">9.08<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; padding: 0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word;\"><br \/><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">2.12<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Table 5 shows that, there was a significant <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">difference in emotional challenges between pupils from single-parent households<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (Df= 25, t = 5.28, P&lt;.05). The hypothesis is therefore rejected. From the table, Single-Parent Household had a higher mean score of (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 15px; height: 18px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;\" 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\" width=\"15\" height=\"18\" \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">=12.64) while Two-Parent Household \u00a0 had a mean score of (<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"border: none; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; width: 15px; height: 17px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;\" 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\" width=\"15\" height=\"17\" \/><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">=9.08)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. The effect size (Cohen\u2019s d = 1.48) indicates a very large difference between the two groups.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Discussion of Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The findings of this study revealed that nursery school pupils from single-parent households in Ibadan South West experienced significantly higher levels of emotional challenges compared to their peers from two-parent households. Specifically, anxiety, low self-confidence, peer isolation, frequent crying, and mood swings were more prevalent among children from single-parent backgrounds. This supports Adegboyega (2019) and Chenube (2023), who observed that children from disrupted homes in Nigeria are often perceived as more emotionally unstable, withdrawn, or anxious. The implication is that the absence of dual parental support places children at heightened risk of emotional dysregulation, particularly in early developmental stages when resilience is still forming.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The study also established that behavioural problems, including aggression, refusal to follow instructions, frequent arguments, and inattention, were more common among pupils from single-parent households. These findings align with John and Shimfe (2020), who emphasized that children in such households often struggle with school adjustment and peer relationships. Adebajo and Aborisade (2024) similarly noted that harsh discipline and limited parental involvement in Nigeria elevate the risk of externalizing behaviours such as aggression and noncompliance. These results indicate that the absence of a stable dual-parent structure reduces supervision and consistency, thereby heightening behavioural adjustment difficulties in young children.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Regression analysis further demonstrated that parental stress, economic strain, and harsh discipline significantly predicted emotional and behavioural difficulties, while limited contact with the nonresident parent was not a strong predictor. This is consistent with Fu (2023) and Lee et al. (2021), who highlighted that economic hardship and parenting stress are stronger mediators of child problems than family structure alone. In Nigeria, where economic instability places additional strain on single caregivers, these stressors magnify psychosocial risks for young children.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conversely, protective factors such as nonresident parent involvement, nursery school support, and extended family assistance were shown to significantly reduce children\u2019s emotional and behavioural challenges. This corroborates findings by Ekpenyong (2019) and Rahim et al. (2023), which emphasized the buffering role of family and institutional support in reducing psychosocial risks among children in single-parent homes. Lee et al. (2021) also observed that frequent father involvement helps mitigate stress effects in single-mother households. These results underscore the importance of leveraging Nigeria\u2019s communal support systems and strengthening school-based interventions to provide early psychosocial care.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Finally, the hypothesis testing revealed a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of emotional challenges between nursery pupils from single-parent and two-parent households, with a very large effect size. This finding reinforces longitudinal evidence that early childhood adversities associated with single parenting can have profound psychosocial impacts if not addressed (John &amp; Shimfe, 2020; Adebajo &amp; Aborisade, 2024). The rejection of the null hypothesis highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions in nursery schools to prevent the escalation of emotional difficulties into chronic behavioural disorders and long-term academic underperformance.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Overall, the study demonstrates that family structure in Ibadan South West is a significant determinant of children\u2019s emotional and behavioural adjustment, with risk factors rooted in stress and poverty, but also protective factors embedded in school and community systems.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Summary of Findings<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Prevalent Emotional Challenges<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Nursery pupils from single-parent households reported significantly higher emotional difficulties, including anxiety (M = 2.84 vs. 2.12), low self-confidence (M = 3.00 vs. 2.28), and mood swings (M = 3.12 vs. 2.36). Overall emotional challenges were higher among single-parent pupils (M = 12.64, SD = 2.35) than two-parent pupils (M = 9.08, SD = 2.12), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (48) = 5.28, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .001.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Behavioural Problems<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single-parent pupils displayed more behavioural issues, particularly aggression (M = 2.88 vs. 2.16) and refusal to follow instructions (M = 2.84 vs. 2.24). The overall behavioural problem score was higher in single-parent pupils (M = 13.40, SD = 2.81) compared to two-parent pupils (M = 10.12, SD = 2.26), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (48) = 4.10, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .001.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Risk Factors<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Parental stress (\u03b2 = .46, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .001), economic strain (\u03b2 = .39, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .003), and harsh discipline (\u03b2 = .35, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .006) significantly predicted children\u2019s emotional and behavioural challenges. Limited contact with the nonresident parent (\u03b2 = .21, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .083) was not a significant predictor. The model explained 54% of the variance in child outcomes (R\u00b2 = .54).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Protective Factors<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Nursery school support (\u03b2 = \u2013.42, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .002), nonresident parent involvement (\u03b2 = \u2013.36, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .005), and extended family assistance (\u03b2 = \u2013.24, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .040) significantly reduced children\u2019s emotional and behavioural challenges. The model accounted for 61% of the variance (R\u00b2 = .61).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Hypothesis Testing<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The null hypothesis was rejected. Pupils from single-parent households experienced significantly more emotional challenges than those from two-parent households, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (48) = 5.28, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">p<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = .001, Cohen\u2019s <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">d<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> = 1.48 (very large effect).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">This study concluded that family structure significantly affects the emotional and behavioural development of nursery school pupils in Ibadan South West. Children from single-parent households are more vulnerable to emotional instability and behavioural adjustment problems than their peers from two-parent households. These difficulties are strongly shaped by parental stress, economic hardship, and harsh discipline. However, school support systems, extended family assistance, and active nonresident parent involvement provide important protective effects.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Recommendations<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Schools should integrate psychosocial support programs such as counselling, social\u2013emotional learning, and peer-support groups to help pupils manage stress and behaviour.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Workshops should be provided for single parents to address parenting stress, positive discipline, and child development strategies.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Government and NGOs should provide financial empowerment initiatives (e.g., small business grants, vocational training) to reduce the economic strain that worsens child outcomes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Policies and community programs should encourage fathers or nonresident parents to remain actively engaged in their children\u2019s upbringing.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Families should be sensitized to provide consistent assistance, recognizing their role as a protective buffer in single-parent households.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Education stakeholders should adopt inclusive policies that mandate nursery schools to identify and provide early interventions for emotionally at-risk pupils.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68cc494 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68cc494\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab84ee4\" data-id=\"ab84ee4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25141db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25141db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f239a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69f239a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adebajo, A. A., &amp; Aborisade, R. A. (2024). Family structure, parenting styles, and juvenile delinquency: Narratives of inmates of juvenile correctional home, Asero, Abeokuta, Ogun State. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">FUOYE Journal of Criminology and Security Studies<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/fjcss.fuoye.edu.ng\/index.php\/fjcss\/article\/view\/107\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/fjcss.fuoye.edu.ng\/index.php\/fjcss\/article\/view\/107<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adegboyega, L. O. (2019). <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/single-parenting-and-emotional-development-of-primary-school-4vxar8d48q?utm_source=chatgpt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single Parenting and Emotional Development of Primary School Students as Viewed by Nigerian Primary School Teachers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ayodele, C. J., Olaseinde, F. O., &amp; Akinbebije, C. O. (2025). Single parenting and psychosocial wellbeing of adolescents in Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">European Journal of Education and Pedagogy<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/eajournals.org\/ejedp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Single-Parenting.pdf\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/eajournals.org\/ejedp\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2025\/05\/Single-Parenting.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chavda, K., &amp; Nisarga, V. (2023). Single parenting: Impact on child\u2019s development. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Space and Culture, India, 11<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), 1-10. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09731342231179017\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09731342231179017<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Chenube, O. (2023). <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/adverse-childhood-experiences-causes-and-impact-on-27s0vzxwpi?utm_source=chatgpt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Adverse childhood experiences: Causes and impact on behavioral issues and emotional wellbeing of children in Nigeria<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ekpenyong, A. S. (2019). Single parenthood and its effect on the Nigerian child: A case study of Amassoma community in Bayelsa State. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 3<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(7), 156-162. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-7\/156-162.pdf\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-3-issue-7\/156-162.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Fu, Y. (2023). The impact of single-parent families on children&#8217;s externalizing behaviour. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">SHS Web of Conferences, 174<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 02013. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/shsconf\/202317402013\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/shsconf\/202317402013<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Huang, C., Calzada, E. J., &amp; Brotman, L. M. (2019). Single-parent families and early childhood behavior: A cross-national perspective. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Child Development<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 90(2), 460\u2013475.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Isaac, N. E. (2024). <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/behaviour-disorders-of-childhood-and-adolescence-515w4lzl3rfz?utm_source=chatgpt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Behaviour Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: Implications for Education in Nigeria<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">John, J. K. (2023). Single parenting: Causative effects on raising children in Nigeria. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">International Journal of Gender and Social Education, 1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1). <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/ijogse.fcesoyo.edu.ng\/ISSUES\/1\/14.pdf\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/ijogse.fcesoyo.edu.ng\/ISSUES\/1\/14.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">John, W., &amp; Shimfe, H. G. (2020). Single parenting and its effects on the development of children in Nigeria. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(4), 6654. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/valleyinternational.net\/index.php\/theijsshi\/article\/view\/2559\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/valleyinternational.net\/index.php\/theijsshi\/article\/view\/2559<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Lee, E. K., et al. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and behavior problems among poor Black children: Nonresident father involvement and single mothers&#8217; parenting stress. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Children and Youth Services Review, 131<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 106279. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106279\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106279<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ogbu, E. A., &amp; Eke, C. N. (2023). Perceived effects of single parenting on youths of Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">GSJ: Journal of Education, 11<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(1), 1-12. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/gphjournal.org\/index.php\/ssh\/article\/download\/1659\/1256\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/gphjournal.org\/index.php\/ssh\/article\/download\/1659\/1256<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Rahim, M. H. A., Ibrahim, M. I., Rahman, A. A., Yaacob, N. M., &amp; Hashim, N. S. F. (2023). Emotional and behavioural problems among preschool children in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia: Parent report version. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Healthcare, 11<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(13), 1828. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11131828\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11131828<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sigle-Rushton, W. (2015). Single-parent families and child well-being: A cross-national comparison. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Marriage and Family<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, 77(3), 795\u2013805.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Wajim, J. (2020). <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/scispace.com\/papers\/single-parenting-and-its-effects-on-the-development-of-2duyzsmirj?utm_source=chatgpt\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Single Parenting and Its Effects on the Development of Children in Nigeria<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Yusuf, M. A., &amp; Ojo, O. A. (2023). Single parenting and emotional development of primary school students as viewed by Nigerian primary school teachers. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Educational Research and Development, 5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(2), 45-58. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/368928321_Single_Parenting_and_Emotional_Development_of_Primary_School_Students_as_Viewed_by_Nigerian_Primary_School_Teachers\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #0563c1; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/368928321_Single_Parenting_and_Emotional_Development_of_Primary_School_Students_as_Viewed_by_Nigerian_Primary_School_Teachers<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe57cfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fe57cfd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a61687\" data-id=\"3a61687\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-044d8f9\" data-id=\"044d8f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4288153 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-social-share\" data-id=\"4288153\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-social-share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"ekit_socialshare\">\n                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-db288b3\" data-social=\"facebook\">\n                    <div class=\"facebook\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-facebook\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8c1acc4\" data-social=\"whatsapp\">\n                    <div class=\"whatsapp\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-whatsapp-1\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-a0e5dae\" data-social=\"linkedin\">\n                    <div class=\"linkedin\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-linkedin\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-86e0ce8\" data-id=\"86e0ce8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32b2561 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"32b2561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/eduphoria\/eduphoria-vol-4-issue-2\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eduphoria &#8211; An International Multidisciplinary Magazine Vol.04, Issue 02 (Apr-Jun 2026) An International scholarly\/ academic magazine, peer-reviewed\/ refereed magazine, ISSN : 2960-0014 Exploring Emotional And Behavioural Challenges Faced By Children From Single-Parent Households Among Nursery School Pupils Olatunji, Saheed Olawale Department Of Early Childhood Care And Education School Of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult And [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"postBodyCss":"","postBodyMargin":[],"postBodyPadding":[],"postBodyBackground":{"backgroundType":"classic","gradient":""},"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eduphoria-v4"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33212"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33371,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33212\/revisions\/33371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icert.org.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}