Sikri, Richa
Associate Professor, Department of History, M.L.N. College, Radaur
The paper highlights the works done by Subhas Chandra Bose, the famous freedom fighter of India for giving equal rights to women. He did not compartmentalize men and women. He was in favour of giving same jobs and opportunities to both as women had same talent, intelligence, caliber and capacity. He did that when no such term like ‘Gender Equality’ was minted by different societies of the world.
Keywords – Gender Equality, Equal Rights, Caliber, Sacrifice, Motherland, Independence, India
This research paper provides a critical re-examination of Subhas Chandra Bose’s pioneering role in advocating for gender equality during India’s freedom struggle, emphasizing his radical departure from the patriarchal norms of his time. By foregrounding his initiatives—such as the formation of the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, promotion of female leadership, and insistence on equal participation of women in the Indian National Army—this study contributes significantly to the gendered historiography of India’s independence movement.
Dr.Richa Sikri is working as Associate Professor of History in M.L.N.College , Radaur since 2008. Her one book ‘Early Brahmanical Cults and Iconography’ (c. 400B.C TO A.D.600) has been published and available on amazon.
Dr.Richa Sikri is working as Associate Professor of History in M.L.N.College , Radaur since 2008. Her one book ‘Early Brahmanical Cults and Iconography’ (c. 400B.C TO A.D.600) has been published and available on amazon.
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Abstract
This study investigates disparities in educational media access and usage among teacher educators in urban and rural Nigerian institutions, employing a mixed-methods design to address systemic inequities in the digital divide. With Nigeria’s internet penetration at 43% nationally—70% in urban areas versus 20% in rural regions—the research highlights how infrastructural gaps, affordability barriers, and uneven digital literacy training perpetuate regional divide. Data from 420 survey respondents and 18 qualitative participants revealed stark contrasts: urban institutions report 4.20/5.00 broadband access versus 1.80/5.00 in rural settings, while 65% of rural educators lack basic digital skills. Applying van Dijk’s (2017) digital divide theory and Fraser’s (2005) equity framework, the study identifies systemic challenges, including inadequate funding, gender disparities, and outdated policies. Qualitative insights emphasize rural educators’ reliance on low-bandwidth tools like WhatsApp due to connectivity constraints. The research underscores the urgency of context-specific interventions to align with UNESCO’s SDG 4 targets. Novelty lies in its urban-rural comparative analysis and integration of socio-technical frameworks to link infrastructure gaps to pedagogical outcomes. Recommendations prioritize infrastructure investment, subsidized devices, and peer-learning networks to ensure equitable digital integration in teacher training.
Keywords: Digital divide, educational media, teacher educators, Nigeria, urban-rural disparities, digital literacy, ICT policy
This research demonstrates that Nigeria’s digital divide is a critical barrier to equitable education, deeply entrenching socioeconomic disparities through teacher training. The study reveals a profound gap between urban and rural institutions, not only in access to infrastructure like internet and electricity but also in teachers’ digital literacy and self-efficacy. While urban educators leverage digital tools for structured learning, their rural counterparts, facing significant resource constraints, have developed resilient, community-based solutions using informal platforms like WhatsApp for peer support. The analysis concludes that this technological divide, which directly impacts the quality of education for the next generation, necessitates a strategic, multi-pronged policy approach that empowers existing grassroots innovations, improves foundational infrastructure, and tailors interventions to the specific, nuanced realities of each community.
Dr.Richa Sikri is working as Associate Professor of History in M.L.N.College , Radaur since 2008. Her one book ‘Early Brahmanical Cults and Iconography’ (c. 400B.C TO A.D.600) has been published and available on amazon.
APA 7th Edition
Eke, E. O., & Azubuike, O. J. (2025). DIGITAL DIVIDE AND EDUCATIONAL MEDIA USE IN NIGERIAN TEACHER TRAINING; A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF URBAN VS RURAL INSTITUTIONS. Eduphoria-An International Multidisciplinary Magazine, 3(3), 6–21. https://doi.org/10.59231/EDUPHORIA/230441
MLA 9th Edition
Eke, Eke Ogbu, and Ogechi Joy Azubuike. “DIGITAL DIVIDE AND EDUCATIONAL MEDIA USE IN NIGERIAN TEACHER TRAINING; A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF URBAN VS RURAL INSTITUTIONS.” Eduphoria-An International Multidisciplinary Magazine, vol. 3, no. 3, [2025], pp. 6-21, https://doi.org/10.59231/EDUPHORIA/230441.
Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition (Author-Date)
Eke, Eke Ogbu, and Ogechi Joy Azubuike. [2025]. “DIGITAL DIVIDE AND EDUCATIONAL MEDIA USE IN NIGERIAN TEACHER TRAINING; A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF URBAN VS RURAL INSTITUTIONS.” Eduphoria-An International Multidisciplinary Magazine 3, no. 3: 6–21. https://doi.org/10.59231/EDUPHORIA/230441.